Has Donald Trump Kept His Word - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1208 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/27 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Donald Trump Essay Did you like this example? In every election, each nominee during his or her campaign lays out their beliefs and makes promises they try to keep while in office. These promises can range from international trade to cleaning up the local park. No matter the significance of the promises the elected official is judged on their effectiveness to implement policies to uphold the promises made and their ability to keep their word. President Donald Trump has made many campaign promises and has followed through with several of the more important issues in his first two years as President. A major promise Donald Trump made during his campaign was to appoint conservative justices to the United States Supreme Court. After the death of Justice Antonin Scalia in 2016, Donald Trump said before being elected President, I promised that, if elected, I would nominate a Justice who would be faithful and loyal to the Constitution. I even went one step further and publicly presented a list of 20 judges from which I would make my selection, and thats exactly what we did (Trump). On April 10, 2017, Justice Neil Gorsuch took the oath of office. President Trump nominated another justice from the list he previously quoted. Shortly after Justice Anthony Kennedy announced his retirement on June 27, 2018, President trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh who took his oath of office October 6, 2018. President Trump kept his word on selecting not one but two well qualified conservative justices to the United States Supreme Court. Now the highest court in the land has a 5-4 conservative favor, this can only help the right agenda as future cases get ruled. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Has Donald Trump Kept His Word?" essay for you Create order In the same way, President Trump made good on his Supreme Court Justice promise he created a private hotline for veterans to voice their complaints not being addressed by their VA as well as get the help they need such as suicide prevention. This is another method President Trump implemented to ensure all US veterans are properly taken care of. According to the Veterans Affairs Department, the hotline has received over 107,600 calls since its launch in June 2017(as of August 2018)(www.va.gov). The amount of veterans calling and being helped is a huge step for Veteran Affairs in America. So far the President has kept his promises on the Supreme Court and Veteran Affairs but has had to compromise on his efforts to cancel global warming payments to the United Nations. For instance, the President wanted to completely stop all and every climate change related spending, starting with pulling out of the Paris climate agreement. As opposed to President Obama who increased funding for climate change related research and programs. President Trump stated in his White House speech on June 1, 2017, the money being spent in such programs, will be sent to the very countries and factories that have taken our jobs(Trump). In short President Trump, did succeed by shutting down US funding for the Global Climate Fund but he didnt not full stop the funding of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which is a United Nation committee. This is still a step toward keeping his promise. Another promise the President made was to limit legal immigration Donald Trump has again reduced the refugee cap to 30,000 the decision in support of the Presidents American First agenda. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Sept. 17 said the reduction in the refugee cap is the Trump administrations commitment to protect the most vulnerable around the world while prioritizing the safety and well being of the American people, as President Trump has directed(Dept. of State, Pompeo). Pompeo continues by stating the country still must vet every person so we do not allow anyone who might do harm to our country. By limiting the number of refugees the government can allow the best of the best as a way to promote future growth for the United States as a whole. As well as limit legal immigration President Trump suspended immigration from terror-prone countries and tried to end the terror group ISIS. As Donald Trump loosened restraints on the American military they have effectively executed more airstrikes on ISIS-controlled areas in the Middle East, crippling what is left of their terrorist infrastructure. The travel ban as many people called it the Muslim Ban due to the large percentage of Muslim people currently living in these countries has been implemented to prevent potentially dangerous immigrants from the Middle East enter the country by immigration visas. Donald Trump said in his Immigration speech, Homeland Security and the Department of Justice to begin a comprehensive review of these cases in order to develop a list of regions and countries from which immigration must be suspended until proven and effective vetting mechanisms can be put in place. I call it extreme vetting right? Extreme vetting. I want extreme. Its going to be so tough, and if somebody comes in thats fine but theyre going to be good. Its extreme(Trump). After the June 5-4 decision the Supreme Court ruled the President acted within his executive authority meaning the travel ban will stay. President Trump kept his promise to suspend immigration from terror-prone counties and has successfully destroyed ISIS strongholds in Iraq and Syria. Furthermore, Donald Trump made many promises regarding the economy and has plans to promote economic growth through the nation through the creation of 25 million jobs in the next 10 years, which most economists say is impossible. It is too early to tell if his policies have and will generate the economic growth the President is sure of. What can be said for certain is more jobs have been created under the Trump administration. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the economy created between February 2017 and December 2017 more than 1.6 million payroll jobs were created as well as 261,000 jobs in October of 2017. On average for each, the first eight months of 2018 about 200,000 jobs have been created. The President has kept his word on creating domestic jobs for American citizens. Overall President Trump has kept or tried to keep many of his campaign promises. Regardless of your political views or your personal opinion of Donald Trump he has been true to his word and there has been political action taken by his administration to better the lives and interests of the American people. With that being said Donald Trump has kept the promises, which got him, elected and has been an effective President by implementing his policies. Work Cited Current Employment Statistics National News Releases. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2018, www.bls.gov/ces/. Engagement Office of Veteran Affairs, Veterans Experience Office (VEO). Military Crisis Line, 18 Oct. 2017, www.va.gov/ve/whvahotline.asp. Keeping His Promise: President Trumps Transparent, Consistent, and Principled Process for Choosing a Supreme Court Nominee. The White House, The United States Government, 9 July 2018, www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/keeping-promise-president-trumps-transparent-consistent-principled-process-choosing-supreme-court-nominee/. Military Crisis Line: Suicide Prevention Hotline, Chat Text Veterans Crisis Line. Veterans Crisis Line, www.veteranscrisisline.net/get-help/military-crisis-line. Pompeo, Michael R. Remarks to the Media. U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, 17 Sept. 2018, www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2018/09/285960.htm. Transcript of Donald Trumps Immigration Speech. The New York Times, The New York Times, 21 Dec. 2017, www.nytimes.com/2016/09/02/us/politics/transcript-trump-immigration-speech.html?_r=0.

Ted Bundy And Charles Manson The Characteristics Of...

What makes a murderer? The mind of someone who commits such heinous crimes has never really been diagnosed. The chromosomal patterns have yet to be determined. So what causes someone to kill? Are serial killers and mass murderers more of a product of their own upbringing and environment or of delusional thoughts from a chemical imbalance? Someone who kills is an obsessed individual who lacks a conscience and who has no remorse. All the known characteristics of someone who kills point to something beyond our comprehension. Ted Bundy and Charles Manson are both infamous in the world of criminal history. Not all killers are the same: they may have grown up differently, used certain killing methods, and had a unique pool of victims. Iyanla†¦show more content†¦Bundy was born as Theodore Robert Cowell on November 24, 1946 at a home in Burlington, Vermont for unwed mothers. He started his life as a secret shame. His mother, Eleonor Cowell, also known as Louise, was a 22-year-old unwed woman, whose parents were deeply religious. Bundy was raised as the adopted son of his grandparents and was told that his mother was his sister to hide the fact that he was an illegitimate child born out of wedlock. Bundy later found out that his sister was actually his mother and her husband, Johnnie Bundy, formally adopted him. Bundy grew to be very articulate and intelligent as well as charming. However, when he was younger, Bundy was shy and he didn’t do well with his peers. By the time he was in his teens, he started showing signs of a darker side. Bundy recalled that he wandered the streets looking for discarded pornography and peering into other people’s windows. When Bundy was 18, his extensive juvenil e record for theft was dismissed. Eventually, in 1972, Bundy discovered his true passion, which was viciously assaulting his earliest confirmed victim in 1974. Ultimately, Ted Bundy and Charles Manson had completely different upbringings. Each killer uses their own different killing methods. Charles Manson believed in an impending apocalyptic race war, which he called â€Å"Helter Skelter† after the song written by the Beatles. Manson had a group of 100 followers,Show MoreRelatedHow Serial Killers came to be Essay1921 Words   |  8 PagesA serial killer is traditional defined as the separate killings of three or more people by an individual over a certain period of time, usually with breaks between the murders. (Angela Pilson, p. 2, 2011) This definition has been accepted by both the police and academics and therefore provides a useful frame of reference (Kevin Haggerty, p.1, 2009). The paper will seek to provide the readers with an explanation of how serial killers came to be and how they are portrayed in the media. Several serialRead More Serial Killers in the U.S. Essays4042 Words   |  17 PagesBefore we can discuss what serial killers do, we must first define what a serial killer is. Some people might place serial killers into the same group as mass murderers. This would be incorrect because they are two totally different types of killers. While both of these individuals may kill many people, the difference lies in the reason they kill and the period over which they kill their victims. An event or a build up of circumstance triggers mass murderers and causes them to act. This may

Field Of Academic Literacy Development Education Essay Free Essays

string(46) " the University of KwaZulu-Natal \( UKZN \) \." Two articles related to academic literacy development where chosen as the topics for analysis, as academic literacy development is a nucleus research involvement of mine. This is due mostly, to the hapless state-of-affairs of instruction in South Africa. The purpose of this appraising survey was to foreground both strengths and failings of both articles in an effort to derive a better apprehension of good research in the field of academic literacy development. We will write a custom essay sample on Field Of Academic Literacy Development Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both articles were chosen due to their relevancy in my field of involvement. Article one was chosen as it was written by the laminitis of the ‘Reading to Learn: Learning to Read teaching method, while article two was chosen as it conducted similar research to mine within the same university context. A structured ‘article literacy checklist ‘ was used as a starting point for the critical rating. However, due to terrible word restrictions, non all of the checkpoints were discussed in this assignment. It was found that both articles differed in footings of their strengths and failings. For illustration, article one was strong in footings of its clear account of the methodological analysis, consequences and findings whereas article two was strong in its literature reappraisal. In add-on, article two showed some weaknesss in its attack to the sampling process. Both article one and two make usage of a descriptive and process rubric. They both describe what the article will be approximately and place clearly that an account of the procedure involved will be included. However, article one goes one measure farther by set uping that the article is non merely a description, but besides an rating ; thereby, supplying excess information to inform the audience about its relevancy to their country of involvement. Contrastingly, article two, seems to go forth out this information. Possibly this is due to the fact that the writers ‘ focal point of the article was more about the existent programme and non the appraising facet of its efficaciousness? Nevertheless, a reference of this could hold been included in the rubric to better inform the reader of its relevancy to those looking for a description and rating of the procedure of scaffolded attacks to reading and composing seeing as an rating was conducted. Introduction Introductions, or opening statements to any research article serve to introduce the reader to the context and nature of the job to be investigated ( Darley, Zanna A ; Roediger, 2003 ) . This is achieved perceptibly good in both articles as the writers provide a elaborate apprehension of the context of their research and the state of affairs that their participants find themselves located in ( crisis ) . Furthermore, the demand for such a survey is highlighted. However, merely article one provides penetration into the more complex descriptions of the existent research methodological analysis and consequences. Furthermore, unlike article two, non merely does article one clearly specify what is to be realized within the article, but it besides skillfully leads the reader from ‘familiar ‘ nomenclature to the more ‘unfamiliar ‘ proficient linguistic communication. ( Darley et al, 2003 ) . Sing as most research is job driven, both articles ‘ debuts like an ex pert highlight a crisis in instruction ( deficiency of expressed instruction and composing ) and both point to a similar blank ( an absence/gap in pedagogic attacks in rectifying this crisis ) . Abstraction Both articles have an abstract and are easy decoded. However, article one seems to supply a more in-depth abstract than article two, as article two leaves out any reference of an appraising facet within the paper. In add-on, article two does non supply any keywords, which is a critical constituent of being able to recover information electronically. Research Goals Both articles clearly province that the research article undertook to research a new/different attack to learning academic literacy development. In add-on, the end of both articles was to explicate a state of affairs found in a certain context ( hapless pupils ‘ literacy development ) and to prove the efficaciousness of the pedagogic attack adopted. However, this was overtly stated in article one and non in article two. Literature Review An of import principle for a literature reappraisal is the demand to explicate a proposal for your research you intend to set about and convert your reader that your research is of import ( Hart, 1998 ) . Furthermore, harmonizing to Hart ( 1998 ) , the assessment of literature for your research provides a strong practical proof for your research and demonstrates an apprehension of your subject at manus. This is really clearly demonstrated in article two which combines a thorough probe into the theory of scaffolding scholars reading and composing and an application of that theory to the South African context ( Vygotsky, larning as a societal procedure, Cummins BICS and CALP and so forth ) . The sourcing of other research in article two ‘s literature reappraisal besides provides academic burdening to their research. Contrasting article two, is article one, which still provides a literature reappraisal in its ‘context and intent of the research ‘ subdivision, but from a somewhat different point of position. Sing as Dr David Rose is one of the establishing authors/researchers in the ‘Reading to Learn: Learning to Read methodological analysis, it is no surprise that there appears to be less mentioning of other old surveies in literacy development. Alternatively, his literature reappraisal seems to stem from his personal surveies of 25 old ages of experience in researching hapless literacy degrees of non-native talkers. Sampling and Research Design Sampling can be a instead combative issue as many research workers disagree in their procedure of choosing their sample units from the broader population and this may make every bit controversial arguments as to whether their findings can be generalized, or seen as accurate ( Trochim, 2006 ) . This is apparent in article two which used a non-random sampling process and involved inadvertent /convenience sampling. Harmonizing to Bouma and Ling ( 2004 ) this involves a survey of a population that is instantly available. The writers of article two used the full cohort of Science Access pupils at the University of KwaZulu-Natal ( UKZN ) . You read "Field Of Academic Literacy Development Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" An advantage of utilizing this sampling process could associate to its simpleness ( needed small attempt ) , and an relief of issues related to statistical dependability ( Field, 2009 ) . After all, the greater the sample size, the smaller the standard mistake in your findings! However, Bouma and Ling ( 2004 ) clearly province that inadvertent sampling may non supply a clear representation of the larger population of which you are seeking to pull out valuable information from. For illustration, research in the field of literacy development in South Africa needs to impact upon, and assistance ALL disadvantaged scholars, from vastly differing contexts. Students from destitute backgrounds in the different states of South Africa have different barriers to larning ; hence, if the research workers in article two want to be able to take their findings and use them to all Universities in South Africa, possibly random sampling is required, as non-random sampling, harmonizing to Bouma and Ling ( 2004 ) provides merely a weak footing for generalization. However, if the purpose of the writers was to look into a pedagogic attack to literacy development within the context of their local university as a footing for farther surveies within the broader So uth African context, so this sampling process would be able to supply equal informations as it used the full cohort of Science Access pupils at UKZN. Article one made usage of an action research design that investigated and evaluated a alteration in teaching method. Rose ( 2008 ) mentioned that the research workers were the agents presenting the alterations in teaching method. This type of research was good atoned to the aims of the research itself as it allowed the research worker to prosecute in brooding and automatic patterns ( Pring, 2006 ) . Furthermore, seeing as the research workers were more concerned with bettering an already neglecting standard signifier of academic literacy teaching method, the action research design was good suited to the end of the research, which was to research an improved educational pattern ( Pring, 2006 ) . Just like article two, the full cohort of pupils were given the option to partake in the survey but merely 25 opted to be portion of the research. Once once more, a non-random, inadvertent trying procedure was chosen but contrasting article one, article two clearly stated that the research fin dings were limited to one context and to be used at one University for the time-being. Consequences ( qualitative and quantitative ) , treatments and decisions It is assumed ( no explicit reference ) that article two made usage of both qualitative and quantitative informations as the trials required written work which so appears to hold been codified. However, no reference of this is given in the results/findings, nor any reference of how the codification was done Article two nowadayss their treatment of their findings in the signifier of an rating of the success of the scientific discipline communicating faculty. The writers are honorable and forthright in their statement sing the troubles they faced in mensurating the class ‘s success, due to the complexnesss of literacy development, which must be commended. However, their existent findings are obscure as a reference of an addition in public presentation by pupils in both the written and comprehension parts of the proving seem to belie a ulterior statement in the same sentence ( p458 ) . There could be a disagreement in the reading of pupils ( all pupils tested ) and most pupils ( n on all pupils tested ) . Furthermore, four key jobs were outstanding within the findings. First, pupils are categorised into three different groups ( weakest, in-between and strongest ) . No reference or account is given as to how or why these groups were categorised. Second, table three provides a comparing of betterment. No indicant is given as to whether this is still the average tonss ( continued from table two ) or in fact, the average tonss. This could be important should the distribution of the tonss non be usually distributed. If the information was in fact skewed, than the average tonss would supply a better step of cardinal inclination. Third, inquiries arise with respects to the cogency and dependability of the tools of measuring. Field ( 2009 ) states that cogency and dependability are belongingss of measuring that aid guarantee measurement mistake is kept to a lower limit. In this peculiar article, issues of standard cogency influence the authorization of the findings. This is because the trials implemented may non really prove reading AND composing accomplis hments of scholars. Learners were being taught to read and compose big pieces of scientific authorship ( essays and studies ) but the trial implemented was proving an betterment of these accomplishments through the usage of MCQ ‘s ( Oklahoma for proving comprehension ) and short written undertakings. These composing undertakings required no more than 7-10 lines of written work which did non prove genre conventions acquired or the ability to compose longer texts. At the same clip, the entryway trials are pitched at a pre-university degree. Students, after one twelvemonth of explicit scaffolding where given a similar trial, still pitched at the pre-university degree, which inquiries whether a ‘learned-effect ‘ influenced betterment and non merely the intercession ( Arrow, 1962 ) . This brings to light issues of test-retest dependability ( Field, 2009 ) . Last, no existent trial statistics are given in the findings to state us whether the per centum of betterments ( 1 4 % ; 11 % and 5 % ) are statistically important in themselves. Therefore, they are strictly descriptive in the presentation. Article one is a batch clearer in footings of its research findings and consequences as it skillfully explains the measuring tool used to measure the authorship undertakings. Unlike article two, there does non look to be negative issues related to standard cogency as trials set out to mensurate the efficaciousness of the pedagogic attack step longer pieces of composing to prove composing accomplishments. The trials are farther authenticated by the usage of both qualitative and quantitative feedback. The consequences of both of these are really clearly laid out for the reader to position. Furthermore, the footing for the cryptography of the qualitative information was backed up by tested and tried methods used by the University of Sydney and research in the field of Linguistics. This allowed the rates of literacy betterment to be objectively measured. Article one besides ranked their research population into three separate groups but a description of how and why this was done was expr essed and allowed for greater apprehension than article two. Article one provided a much clearer description/discussion of its findings and offered possible motivation factors for countries that did non match to the overall tendency of patterned advance. This, together with neatly laid out tabular arraies and graphs of the information, let for higher degrees of assurance in the objectiveness of the action research. Furthermore, the findings of the action research were besides linked to suggestions of how to better literacy development amongst disadvantaged scholars across Australia. To reason, both article one and article two provide good illustrations of research in the field of literacy development. In add-on, they provide good theoretical accounts of how to, and how non to, describe on such findings. Both may hold differing strengths and failings, but still supply a good illustration of how to carry on valid and nonsubjective research. The analysis of the two articles have provided a good foundation for my ain research and have besides provided an chance for me to change my current research to supply more valid and dependable consequences. How to cite Field Of Academic Literacy Development Education Essay, Essay examples

Brexit Consequences to the Economy

Question: Discuss about theBrexit Consequences to the Economy. Answer: Introduction Brexit which is an abbreviation for British Exit refers to the intention by the United Kingdom to withdraw from the European Union after the June 2016 referendum. This process has led to a lot of controversy on economic and diplomatic scholars who have argued for and against the process. This is because the timetable and terms of withdrawal had not been set up to as early as September 2016. The EU treaty of 2007 gave member countries under article 50 where constitutional requirements of a member country give the freedom of a member country t exit the EU after a member country has given notice of exit and the member countries have unanimously voted in favour of the exit (Nicholas, P12). UK joined the EEC which later changed to EU on January 1973, however after joining the EEC there a contest in the UK n whether the country should stay in EEC or exit. This led to a referendum in 1975 where the electorate voted to approve UK to remain in EEC. Booth et al (P11) suggests that since then ideologies in support of withdrawal and those for membership formed the basis of camping for political parties in UK. This thus led to pressure on David Cameron the prime minister of UK to determine the position of the UK people within the EU. Pressure from MPs from Camerons side and those from the UK Independent Party led to the announcement by the conservative party that it will introduce a referendum on Brexit. When the party won the election, there was no option but to introduce the referendum where the electorate voted for exit. This led to major campaign groups like vote leave, leave EU, Grass root out, and Better off out. These campaigns overpowered the official campaign to remain in EU (Britain stringer in Europe). This referendum that led to Brexit was thus a campaign manifesto pledge by the conservative party. Economic Arguments for and Against Brexit According to Breinlich, Dhingra and Ottaviano (p21) Members of the EU contribute an annual membership fee which costs the economy of the country. In 2015 UK made a net contribution of 8.5 billion pounds that amounts to 7% of UKs expenditure on NHS each year. This means that exit from the EU will benefit the UK through reinvestment of the membership fee into the country. This will thus change the nature of spending within the EU and thus new financial negotiations by the UK will help in benefiting from the EU investments without being a member. This comes with extended benefits of falling within the EU zone and the strategic position of UK in the EU. Prior championing of reallocation of EU spending from administration and support makes(Crafts, p191). Extended benefits of exit will lead to other countries moving away from the EU and thus making UK the preferred destination for business. The exit from the EU will lead to sovereignty by UK where the British parliament will have more powers to make decisions that can improve the economy of UK. This benefit will be coupled by other EU regulations which affect all countries and thus UK will have some level of sovereignty. This will include regaining of fishing rights on its coast which may improve the economy of the country. Experts argue that overregulation costs the UK economy 125 billion as a result of the Brussels red tape. However sovereignty will lead to negotiation of trade deals with emerging economies like China and Japan. Based on the Swiss or FTA models the UK negotiates access to EU markets Brexit model adopted by the UK will either improve the economy r lead to dire consequences. Due t EU priorities in agriculture and regional structural activities, the UK will benefit proportionately by bargaining on how the benefits are concentrated. However it will be easier for UK to negotiate its investment agreements with other countries outside EU that offer market for EU. Through this negotiating flexibility will increase business opportunities and advantages that come from the agreements by the UK and other countries. Therefore UKs membership in the EU leads to a lot of benefits that are as a result of free trade (Glick and Rose, P. 1131). Baldwin (1137), argues that EU has established a single market where no tariffs are imposed on both exports and imports between member states. UK exports 50% of total exports to EU countries without trade restrictions and tariffs. Therefore the EU gives member countries advantage to have a say on what happens within the bloc. Further EU countries benefit from trade between other superpowers like the US where the EU intends to create a bigger free trade area for its members. An exit from the EU will mean that UK loses all these benefits and has to make trade negotiations on its own. Further the country will have to face trade tariffs that non EU countries have faced since the inception of the EU. The UK will thus rely on trade agreements between individual countries which may be expensive since the EU has a larger control and the European countries may not be willing to make free trade agreements with UK (Haskel, Pereira, and Slaughter, p 491). UKs treasury released a report justifying the consequences of Brexit to the economy of the country. The report suggested that Brexit will increase unemployment and the value of the sterling pound will be affected. According to the Guardian Brexit vote was the beginning of UK recession with many changes being seen immediately after the vote. According to experts this meant that Brexit was not a good idea for UK. Declining prices in the real estate and pound verses dollar exchange are an indicator that all is not well. Brexit presents challenges that the UK has to deal with which will automatically affect the economy of the country. Through EU supply chains are concentrated geographically increasing the supply ratio of gods from UK. Thus Brexit will reduce trade and increase the cost of trade in the EU. This is due to loosing the benefits of the single market that provide economies scale and competition within the EU area. Thus UK largely benefits from the high ratio of trade that is r elative to value added terms from the EU (Straathof et al p13; Alfaro et al p97). Minford ( 21), Further experts argue that economic risks like increased tasks due to the Brexit will lead to decline of key businesses like car manufacturing companies that have benefited from the EU membership and thus enjoying free exports. Banks may also be forced to move their headquarters to the EU which will lead to a drop in tax revenues enjoyed by UK. Many countries invest in the UK since it is a gateway to the free EU market. Through this UK makes 400 billion a year from EU trade and thus could reduce UKS GDP by 10% since it may amount loosing over 500 million customers. Further trickle down effects of the exit will cost the citizen more money as a result of loosing EU benefits. EU citizens enjoy lower credit cards, cheap flight safety standards, and environmental standards. Thus the citizen will lose protection from the Brussels authorities that protect EU citizens against abuse from multinational companies. This means that Brexit will not affect that UK government but rath er UK citizens will lose the benefits that they have enjoyed from EU membership (Ottaviano et al, p9). Evaluate the Financial Impact on London as a Leading Financial Centre in the World, if the Referendum Result on Brexit on 23 June 2016 Turned out that Britain Leaves the EU. Dhingra et al (p13,), state that the argument on the effects of Brexit on the UK economy extends to the dominance of London as the leading financial centre in Europe. Different arguments have been presented on whether London will remain an important financial centre under the new conditions. London is the worlds financial leader above New York that is regarded the financial powerhouse of US. According to Feyre(21), in the last decades London quickly rose due to developments from emerging markets that are a result of BRICs economies. These economies have changed time zones of financial centres where Londons working hours have overlapped all major financial centres. This has enabled London attain global reach by influencing the terms of the fianc industry. London has thus become a boardroom centre for financial decisions across the world. This includes interest rates, commercial mortgage contracts, and insurance contracts. This rise in financial globalization has positioned London at the centre of international banking. Therefore the Brexit decision will affect the role of London as a worlds financial leader. Therefore London is the most preferred centre for many businesses due to its strengths that date back to the 19th century. The city has relied on the time zone, language and legal advantages within the city. This will be an advantage to the city in the case it exits from the EU since develop a revolution for digital technology and artificial intelligence. However the bargaining exit by UK will determine the benefits that London will get from the EU. George Osborne has lobbied for protection of London from EU regulations against British banks against other countries (Holehouse, p 23). Pain and Young (p391), suggest that the exit from the EU will affect London as a preferred financial hub with most banks like JPMorgan Chase Co., and HSBC bank having plans to move some of their investments to Paris. Experts argue that the city of London cannot avoid financial consequences that it has benefited from the EU. Most investors will pull out of London since the free trade benefits that are as a result of the EU rules will not apply. Further London has prospered in regulation making it the best preferred EU country. Brexit will create a long period of uncertainty within UK and London to landlords, homeowners and developers. International investors will change their investment trends and thus some business sectors. These market unrests will therefore reduce the dominance of London and the prices that have been set by the city. London will lose its dominance therefore becoming an offshore centre vulnerable to EU policies and regulations. This will therefore lead to some dominant businesses within UK shifting their operations. This will lead to the emergence of new cities within Euro zone like Paris where the business operations will shift to. British banking industry that is a major boost to London will lose access to a single market giving rise to other regions. For example US banks have developed plans that will ensure they dominate the EU market after Brexit. The banks have already moved some of their activities to Dublin as an early preparation for Brexit opportunities (Baier et al, 490). Further trickle down effects to London will affect over two million workers who earn a living in the city. The workers will be forced to leave London due to limited opportunities. This exit from London will affect the housing industry and reduce the tax revenues that are gained from these two million people. The Centre for European Reform study for reforms study established that these changes will make Britain to be classified as third world country by EU. Therefore EU regulations on third world countries to maintain and regulate their financial sectors will limit grants that UK receives form the EU. Therefore the outcome will be reduced opportunities for UK and London. Longer Term Risk Management Approach of British firms if the Referendum Results on Brexit Markets in the UK are experiencing high volatility levels with sharp falls by experienced on the sterling pound, banking stocks and reducing credit rate of the UK. This falling in stocks affected many countries like Germany, Italy, and France. This deteriorating economy presents markets with two uncertainties of getting outside the EU and how they will reach their. This presents political risks that will change the future of the UK. The conservative party in the UK is being faced with political challenges with the UK prime minister being ready to resign. The conservative party has the task of leading the country out of the EU and seeing the country regains its position in Europe. Clear political strategies that are aimed at changing the countrys political nature. The new prime minister has to negotiate the terms of exit in the EU. Article fifty of the constitution stats the exit plan that will take the country two years to leave the EU. UK has to agree on new arrangements that will s ee the European council support the exit (Campos, Coricelli and Moretti, p 32). Negotiations on the exit are supposed to form an exit plan that will see the removal of cross border barriers that will hinder UK from accessing cross border advantages in the market. Directive like capital Requirements Directive (2009/138/EC), Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2004/39/EC), Payment Services Directive (2007/64/EC) and Undertaking Collective Investment Scheme Directive (85/611/EEC). These directives can be used to develop new regulations that will see UK benefit firm EU. However UK can also adopt the Norwegian Model by becoming a member of the EEA with European Free Trade Association (EFTA) where there will be access to the single European market but will lose the decision making advantage. This means that policies will be made by other countries and thus will be dictated on UK. Alternatively UK can become a member of the EFTA without EEA developed from Switzerland approach of negotiating bilateral agreements n specific areas of the single market that UK has interest in. Lack of decision making on policy issues will limit UKs ability on negotiating rights on passports that may have tremendous effects on some European banks. These regulations will affect business and how UK as a country relates with other partners (Mejean and Schwellnus, p8). Parker has developed a decision that will see UK leave EU through a new practise that will see 100 technical experts from different areas and industries to provide strategic advice and support to develop clear policies and strategies for implementation of the disengagement process. Conclusion Britain has been an EU member for over forty years and thus an exit will automatically interfere with the economy f the country. The effects will create an economic uncertainty that will negatively affect households spending. However UK can borrow from models like the Norwegian style of European Economic Area, Turkish style of customs union, free to agree, Swiss-style bilateral accords and MFN approach in doing trade within the EU. However the prospects of changes in the financial market are dependent on the outcome of the referendum where an exit will affect the stock market, bond market, and the sterling pound where the tremors will spread and affect other markets in the world. This will lead to a new transition that UK can utilise in making new deals with other countries that they can do business with. UK will also lose benefits that it has enjoyed within the EU (Handley and Limao, P11). References Abadie, A.and J.Gardeazabal. The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country,American Economic Review, (2003) ,93 (1): 1131-32. Alfaro, L., A. Chanda, S. Kalemli-Ozcan and S. Sayek, FDI and Economic Growth: The Role of Local Financial Markets, Journal of international Economics (2004). 64(1):89-112. Baier, S. L., J. H. Bergstrand, P.Egger and P. A.McLaughlin. Do Economic Integration Agreements Actually Work? Issues in Understanding the Causes and Consequences of the Growth of Regionalism, The World Economy, (2008), 31(4): 461-97. Baldwin, R. Multilateralising Regionalism: Spaghetti Bowls as Building Blocks on the Path to Global Free Trade, The World Economy, (2006) 29(11):1451-1518. Booth, S., C.Howarth, M.Persson, R.Ruparel and P.Swidlicki. What If..? The Consequences, hallenges and Opportunities facing Britain outside the EU, London: Open Europe. (2015) Breinlich, H., S.Dhingra and G Ottaviano.The Impact of Trade Agreements on Consumers, Centre for Economic Performance, Mimeo (2016). Campos, N., F.Coricelli and L.Moretti. Norwegian Rhapsody? The Political Economy Benefits of Regional Integration, CEPR, Discussion Paper No. 10653 (2015). Crafts, N. (2016) The Growth Effects of EU Membership for the UK: A Review of the Evidence, University of Warwick mimeo .Handley, K.and N. Limao. Trade and Investment under Policy Uncertainty: Theory and Firm Evidence, (2015)(4): 189-222. Dhingra, S., H Huang, G Ottaviano, J Pessoa, T Sampson and J Van Reenen. The Costs and Benefits of Leaving the EU, Centre for Economic Performance technical Report (2016). Feyrer, J. Trade and IncomeExploiting Time Series in Geography, NBER Working Paper No. 14910 (2009). Glick, R.and A.K. Rose. Does a Currency Union Affect Trade? The Time-Series Evidence, European Economic Review, (2002), 46(6):1125-51. Handley, K.and N.Limo. Trade and Investment under Policy Uncertainty: Theory and Firm Evidence, American Economic Journal of Economic Policy (2015), 7(4): 189-222. Haskel, J., Pereira, S. and M. Slaughter Does Inward Foreign Direct Investment Boost the Productivity of Domestic Firms?. Review of Economics and Statistics (2007), 89(3): 482-96. HM Treasury (2013) European Union Finances 2013, 19th November. Holehouse, M. Major Blow for Brexit Campaign as US Rules Out UK-Only Trade Deal, The Telegraph, (29 Oct 20151. Mejean, I.and S.Schwellnus Price Convergence in the European Union: Within Firms or Composition of Firms?, Journal of International Economics 78 (2009) (1): 1-10. Minford, P.(2015) Evaluating European Trading Arrangements, Cardiff Economics Working Paper No. E2015/17. Nicholas Watt. Cameron defies Tory right over EU referendum: Prime minister, buoyed by successful negotiations on Euro zone banking reform, rejects 'in or out' referendum on EU". The Guardian. London. Ottaviano, G., J.Pessoa, T.Sampson and J.Van Reenen. The Costs and benefits of Leaving the EU, Centre for Economic Performance Policy Analysis (2016). Pain, N.and G.Young. The Macroeconomic Effect of UK Withdrawal from the EU, Economic Modelling,(2004), 21: 387-408. Straathof, S., G-J. Linders, A.Lejour and J. Mohlmann. The Internal Market and the Dutch Economy: Implications for Trade and Economic Growth, CPG Netherlands, (2008), Document No. 168.

Twins and the College Application Essay

College admissions ask applicants to share their unique qualities and interests, but how do you do that when youre a twin?GoQuakers, who is currently studying at the University of Pennsylvania, shares how she approached the college application essay as a twin:Starting the Common App personal statement essay has a way of channeling everyone’s biggest insecurity throughout the college process: â€Å"What if the most unique thing about me is just not unique enough?† Admittedly, I was no exception to this paradigm. In fact, I ended up choosing to write about my experience as an identical twin. My twin sister, by the way, was applying to nearly the same exact list of schools as me. You can probably understand my dilemma. Being an identical twin was the immediate subject I considered writing about for the Common App prompt â€Å"Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story.† However, I almost shook this thought from my head straightaway, simply because I assumed that it was the â€Å"obvious† thing to write about. I felt colleges would see this as something that was built into my life rather than a project I decided to dedicate my soul to or a place that I have found personal contentment in, a subject that solely was about my interests and personality. I was so caught up in sounding exotic and diverse that during my initial consideration of the prompt, I didn’t think it was enough to write about how being a twin has actually made me a more distinct person. To be honest (and warning: extremely sentimental), being an identical t win has truly been the greatest blessing in my life. This role has not only taught me how to be a member of a team, but ironically also how to differentiate myself as an individual that can stand on her own and follow her own destiny. Not a lot of people realize this paradox. As an identical twin, it is often vital to mentally distinguish your fascinations and quirks from those of your sibling as you embrace the qualities that you and your twin share in order to fulfill a greater sense of self. When I tried to generate more ideas for the prompt, I realized that I didn’t have quite as much to say regarding other accomplishments and experiences. When I finally ran through ideas with a counselor, he noticed this, too, and told me that I was crazy to insist on not going with my gut instinct. Of course, I listened. Coming from this process, I have two words of advice: be genuine. It’s called a personal statement for a reason. Even if you have an idea that is great in theory, you have to have a lot to say about it, because that it ultimately what conveys passion to admissions officers. That’s right: admissions will see right through your essay if all it consists of is lofty concepts and baroque diction rather than a true bond between the subject and the writer. You could have gone on an amazing service trip during which you saved tens of children from starvation in Sub-Saharan Africa, but if you really don’t connect with that experience on the deepest level possible, that is not necessarily what you should be writing about. On a general note, I urge applicants to think long and hard about finding a topic that is completely distinct and sincere in regard to what has shaped them and to make sure that they run through their ideas with a counselor, family, friends, or all of the above. That’s what I did, and hey, I’m going to my dream school this coming fall, so something here must have gone right. Want to read the final version of the essay that got her accepted to UPenn? You canunlock her profileand read her full application. For more inspiration, make sure to search through profiles of students accepted to seeessays, stats, and advice. See how they got in, and how you can too!

Affirmative Action in the United States essays

Affirmative Action in the United States essays The writer Mary Anne Warren is focusing on describing the current practices in many organizations today in regards to the implementing a goal vs. a quota system for the purposes of affirmative action. She defines a quota as "Those who use the term "quotas" pejoratively tend to assume that the numerical standards will be set so high or enforced so rigidly that strong reverse discrimination-that is, the deliberate hiring of demonstrably less well qualified candidates-will be necessary to implement them." (Warren, 370). Warren then describes goal as "The term "goal", on the other hand, suggests that this will not be the case, and that good faith efforts to comply with the standards by means short of strong reverse discrimination will be acceptable." (Warren, 370). The critical thing that must be understood when exploring the subject is that the writer is describing how affirmative action is being applied in American organizations today in other words the current reality. However, she fails to speak to us about how the law designs this program to function. This is the critical component that American organizations must be educated to understand. Affirmative action as defined by law is most definitively not based on a quota system. In fact, what is not widely known is that this program can be equally used by all individuals provided that an inequality exists in the group that they belong to as not being reflected in the work force. So what is affirmative action? What is it designed to do? It is not designed to provide an opportunity to an unqualified candidate. It is designed as "a way of compensating individuals or groups for past injustices or for present disadvantages stemming form past injustices" (Warren, 373). It is further designed "as a means about bringing about further future goods-for example, raising the status of downtrodden groups." (Warren, 373). The keyword in these quotes is the word "group". ...

Book exploration of Thomas Conlan, State of War Essay

Book exploration of Thomas Conlan, State of War - Essay Example Perhaps a 14th century Japanese warrior would not be pleased regarding the revived concept of the Unknown Soldier. Just the state of being a warrior was a source of fame, recognition, and glory for the warrior symbolizing a high position within the society. If one’s efforts in war were to be left unnoticed, it would be similar to being unappreciated by others for his â€Å"brave† acts on the battlefield. In his book State of War, the author Thomas Conlan recreates the concept of soldiery in the traditional 14th century setting of Japanese history. It explains the aspect of a Japanese warrior as a soldier far from his ideals. The book presents a very contrasting perspective of what is generally accepted and assumed about Japanese warriors. While doing so, he demonstrated the reality of how states and societies actually functioned in the presence of a warrior system. Thus, the book presents an analysis of 14th century soldiery by analyzing the casualty records of the cent ury. War had been for ages masked its brutalities in order to hide its real essence. War became a source of unnecessary attention meant to earn recognition and fame by employing methods to be noticed among the huge army. Several accounts give a description of warriors coming on dyed horses of vibrant colors intentionally done so to be noticed from far behind (Conlan, 18). This form of a showy self-promotion was merely meant to get oneself recognized among his enemies for an image of high status. Conlan (13) presents the real experiences of wars in his book which reflect the true nature of wars and the motives of warrior to use the war as a platform to rise in the minds of people. A historical account of a war provides details which affirm the flamboyant nature of warriors who were rewarded with great extravagances for displaying their supposedly courageous actions on the battlefields. All efforts made after the war glorified the soldiers who took part

Case Big Banks Big Bucks Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Big Banks Big Bucks - Case Study Example In other words, the assets of the financial institution would have been counted applying a different rubric than what was in actuality a clear representation of the current value. Additionally, before FAS 157 financial institutions were not required to clarify changes in credit risks, meet the same rigid disclosure requirements, or painstakingly disclose the hierarchies and means of measurement that they employed to measure their assets and liabilities. Measurement of assets is a tricky business. One of the most troublesome aspects of this is the fact that on any given day the assets and or liabilities of the financial institution are prone to move in either direction. Accordingly, it makes it difficult for leadership as well as the firm’s investors to make informed decisions about the actual net worth of the firm and in what direction it may wish to pursue based on the information. Likewise, in addition to the fluctuation of the daily stock market, the financial institutions now had to be cognizant of the changing nature of their assets with respect to the changes in market activity and financial instruments that help define the true market value of the securities and other mechanisms held by

Policy paper-fixing health care (Zoonotic disease) Research Paper

Policy -fixing health care (Zoonotic disease) - Research Paper Example stercoralis (3%). The overall prevalence of D. immitis is 25.3% (from www.EMERGING%20PARASITES%20OF%20PUBLIC%20HEALTH%20SIGNIFICANCE ). Evaluation of the parasite burden of Tricuris tricuria in a St. Lucian community showed most of the community having a low burden of the parasite, while few members of the community had a heavy burden. 84% of t those harbouring the parasite were found to be children in the age group two to fifteen years. Children of the same age group constituted 87% of those individuals having hundred or more worms (Bundy et al, 1987). Zoonotic burden in Jamaica is to a significant extent due to the close interaction of humans and pets like dogs. 73% of the households in Jamaica maintain pet dogs. Assessment through faecal examination showed that 58% of the animals were infected with one or more of the eight helminths distributed as Uncinaria stenocecephala 26%, Ancylostoma sp. 23%, Trichuris vulpis 9%, Toxocara canis 8%, Spirocera lupi 6%, Strongyloides sp. 6%, Appphallus sp. 4%, and taenids 1% (Robinson, Thompson & Lindo, 1989). The results of the study into the Annotto Bay community in the Parish of St. Mary, Jamaica showed that 64.7% of the stool specimens of the community had one or more of the helminth species and that there was a marked age dependence demonstrated with the helminth infestation occurring most commonly in the pre-school children (Win, 1996). Screw worms or Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation in Jamaica in 1998 was 25,000. Since then an eradication program has led to its diminishing infestation in Jamaica. Between 2004 and 2007 the annual average infestation of screw worms had dipped to 2,000 and in 2008 the infestation had dropped to 452, which included twenty infestations in humans (Reid, 2008). In 2007 UNAIDS sponsored a study into the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children infected with HIV/Aids. The results of

Temperature Dependent Speed Controller Using Thermistor Computer Science Essay

Temperature Dependent Speed Controller Using Thermistor Computer Science Essay This project is a standalone automatic fan speed controller that controls the speed of an electric fan according to our requirement. This closed loop feedback control system is efficient and reliable by using embedded technology . Micro controller (AT89C51) allows dynamic and faster control. Liquid crystal display (LCD) makes the system user-friendly. The sensed temperature and fan speed level values are simultaneously displayed on the LCD panel. It is very compact using few components and can be implemented for several applications including air-conditioners, water-heaters, snow meltars, ovens, heat-exchangers, mixers, furnaces, incubators, thermal baths and veterinary operating tables. AT89C51 micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all the functions. The temperature sensor thermistor senses the temperature and converts it into an electrical (analog) signal, which is applied to the micro controller through ADC. The analog signal is converted into digital format by the analog to-digital converter (ADC). The sensed and set values of the temperature are displayed on the 162-line LCD. The micro controller drives control relays by means of ULN driver circuit to control the fan speed with the help of high wattage tagged wire wound resistor. Single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relays are connected to the micro controller through a ULN driver circuit. The relays require 12 volts at a current of around 50 mA, which cannot provided by the micro controller. So the ULN driver circuit is added. The relays are used to operate the electrical fan or for operating any other electrical device. Normally the relays remain off. As soon as pin of the micro controller goes high, the relays operate This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA 12V, 500mA power supply. 7805 and 7812 three terminal voltage regulators are used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer. This project is useful in process industries for maintenance and controlling temperature. CHOICE OF MICROCONTROLLER There are different types of processors and controllers available in the market. Industrial and control application/may require automation of the process such as temperature, pressure, liquid flow, etc., in order to minimize manual intervention. To automate any application an intelligent controller plays a major role. One such controller proposed for the project is AT89C51, an 8-bit microcontroller. The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a con- ventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control appli- cations The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry.In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. CHOICE OF MEMORY As the system under consideration is using AT89C51 microcontroller it has 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory and EPROM for its purposes. The ATMEL AMR code is stored in an inbuilt flash memory. Flash memory cannot be reprogrammed constantly. The temperature sensor device also supports the storage of last ten pairs of measurements and new measurements are over written to the older one. Hence this system is using EEPROM as a data storage memory. Even though EEPROM is slower than Flash memory it can be rewritten as many number of times as wanted. Memory Organization The information presented in this chapter is collected from the Microcontroller Architectural Overview, AT89C51, AT89LV51, AT89C52, AT89LV52, AT89C2051, and AT89C1051 data sheets of this book. The material has been selected and rearranged to form a quick and convenient reference for the programmers of Atmels microcontroller family of devices. This guide pertains specifically to the AT89C51, AT89LV51, AT89C52, and AT89LV52. Memory Organization Program Memory The AT89C Microcontroller has separate address spaces for program memory and data memory. The program memory can be up to 64 Kbytes long. The lower addresses may reside onchip. Figure 1 shows a map of the AT89C51 program memory, and Figure 2 shows a map of the AT89C52 program memory. The AT89C10512051 do not have off-board memory expansion. Figure 1. AT89C51 Program Memory Flash Microcontroller Memory Organization Figure 2. AT89C52 Program Memory 0498A Data Memory The AT89C can directly address up to 64 Kbytes of data memory external to the chip. The MOVX instruction accesses the external data memory. (Refer to the Instruction Set section in this chapter for a detailed description of instructions). The AT89C51 has 128 bytes of on-chip RAM (256 bytes in the AT89C52) plus a number of Special Function Registers (SFRs). The lower 128 bytes of RAM can be accessed either by direct addressing (MOV data addr) or by indirect addressing (MOV Ri). CHOICE OF ADC ADC0804 (Analog to Digital Converter) Figure 3 illustrates the main function of the ADC0804 i.e. to convert the input signal from temperature sensor device to voltage form that has 8-bit output. This device acts as a memory location or port entry to the microprocessor and does not require additional logic extension. ADC0804 design. To prove that this design is according to the specifications hardware, the formula used is as follows: ADC out = Ain / Vmax X 256 (1.2) where ADC out = digital output value Ain = Input Gain Vmax = Maximum voltage Using formula (1.2), it is found that: without amplifier, ADC out = Ain / Vmax X 256 = (1/5) X 256 = 51 D = 00110011 B So that, the temperature value is = 100 / 51 = 1.96 °C à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 °C If using amplifier, ADC out = Ain / Vmax X 256 = (5 /5) X 256 = 256 D = 1111 1111 B (Proved) ADC 0804 Analog to digital converters find huge application as an intermediate device to convert the signals from analog to digital form. These digital signals are used for further processing by the digital processors. Various sensors like temperature, pressure, force etc. convert the physical characteristics into electrical signals that are analog in nature. ADC0804 is a very commonly used 8-bit analog to digital convertor.  It is a single channel IC, i.e., it can take only one analog signal as input. The digital outputs vary from 0 to a maximum of 255. The step size can be adjusted by setting the reference voltage at pin9. When this pin is not connected, the default reference voltage is the operating voltage, i.e., Vcc. The step size at 5V is 19.53mV (5V/255), i.e., for every 19.53mV rise in the analog input, the output varies by 1 unit. To set a particular voltage level as the reference value, this pin is connected to half the voltage. For example, to set a reference of 4V (Vref), pin9 is connected to 2V (Vref/2), thereby reducing the step size to 15.62mV (4V/255).   ADC0804 needs a clock to operate. The time taken to convert the analog value to digital value is dependent on this clock source. An external clock can be given at the Clock IN pin. ADC 0804 also has an inbuilt clock which can be used in absence of external clock. A suitable RC circuit is connected between the Clock IN and Clock R pins to use the internal clock. Pin Diagram:   An ADC is an electronic device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The reverse operation is done by a DAC. The digital output may be using different coding schemes such as binary and twos compliment binary. Most ADCs are of a type known as linear which means that the range of input values that map to each output value has a linear relationship with the output value. The ADC used is an IC, ADC 0804. Features  · Compatible with 8080  µP derivatives-no interfacing logic needed access time 135 ns  · Easy interface to all microprocessors, or operates stand alone  · Differential analog voltage inputs  · Logic inputs and outputs meet both MOS and TTL voltage level specifications  · Works with 2.5V (LM336) voltage reference  · On-chip clock generator  · 0V to 5V analog input voltage range with single 5V supply  · No zero adjust required  · 0.3[Prime] standard width 20-pin DIP package  · 20-pin molded chip carrier or small outline package  · Operates ratiometrically or with 5 VDC, 2.5 VDC, or analog span adjusted voltage reference CHOICE OF SCHEDULING ALGORITHM. Many scheduling algorithm have been studied to guarantee the real time constraints of real time process. Scheduling decisions of this algorithm is usually based on parameters which are assumed to be crisp. However, in many circumstances the values of these parameters are vague. The vagueness of parameters suggests us to make the usage of fuzzy logic to decide in what order the request should be executed to better utilize the system and as a results reduce the chance of a request being missed. Our main contribution is proposing a fuzzy approach to microprocessor/microcontroller real time scheduling in which the scheduling parameters are treated as fuzzy variables. SAMPLING RATES OF CONTROLLED LOOP The temperature measurement device Resistance Temperature Detector a measure temperature in the range of -25-150 degree Celsius. But in this application the temperature inside the container is maintained at 25 degree Celsius. There is no much deviation of temperature inside the container. The container temperature doesnt vary that much in a second. The resolution of the device is 0.1 degree Celsius if the temperature inside the container varies more than the 0.1 degree Celsius the temperature sensing device can able to detect and the output will be shown. Suppose the temperature inside the container is changing at the rate of 0.1 degree Celsius per second the output has the frequency of 1 Hz. So the sampling rate for the device to sample or measure the temperature neednt be that high. So the device is using a sampling rate of 1 for measuring temperature i.e. temperature measurement device is having a sampling frequency of 1 HZ. Number of bits per second will be 10 bits per second (1 HZ*10 bits) which can be easily handled by 10 bit ATMEL ADC. Temperature Sensor Resolution   0.1 degree Celsius Temperature change inside the container   1 degree Celsius per minute So the frequency would be 0.6 HZ Sampling frequency = 0.6*5 = 3Hz (to be greater) Sampling rate = 0.3 Seconds   CHOICE OF REAL TIME SCHEDULING ALGORITHM There are basically four types of real times scheduling algorithm Round Robin Round Robin with interrupt Function queue scheduling RTOS( Real Time Operating System)   ROUND ROBIN It is the simplest algorithm. The Round Robin algorithm is characterized by the absence of interrupts. The algorithm consists of a main loop that checks each I/O device in turn and Service them if needed. it cannot suffer from shared data problems. Latency is limited by the maximum duration of a loop cycle. Attractive for simple environments. At the same time the disadvantage for the algorithm is it cannot set priorities. Its worst case wait for an important task code is the sum of execution time of all the other task code. ROUND ROBIN WITH INTERRUPT The main advantage of Round Robin with interrupt routines deals with the very urgent needs of devices. Interrupt routines set flags to indicate the interrupt happened. Main while loop polls the status of the interrupt flags and does any  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   follow up process required by a set flag. It moves more control over priority.    FUNCTION QUEUE SCHEDULING The advantage of function queue scheduling is latency for high priority devices can be reduced compared to Round-Robin with Interrupts. In Round-Robin with Interrupts every loop may end up executing every follow-up task. Function-Queue Scheduling guarantees that at most a single follow-up task is executed per loop iteration. The main disadvantage is latency for low priority tasks can increase. Low priority tasks can actually starve. Queuing algorithm may be complex/costly to run/code. If a low priority follow-up task is very time consuming the latency for higher priority response times will suffer. RTOS The advantage of RTOS is interrupts signal the need for follow-up tasks. But, unlike Function-Queue Scheduling, this is handled by the Real-Time Operating System and not by the interrupt routines manipulating flags or a queue. Instead of a loop deciding what to do next the RTOS decides. One follow-up task can be suspended by the RTOS in favouring of performing a higher priority task.-Queue. Suspension of tasks allows the worst case wait for the highest priority item to be zero. Built-in scheduling mechanism yields a system with very stable response characteristics even when changes to the code occur. Widely available for purchase. This embedded system is using  Round Robin Scheduling  as real time scheduling algorithm. The device is used to control only the temperature inside the steel container and so round robin architecture can be set here. FAILURE CONDITIONS The system will fail only if the temperature exceeds the range of the temperature sensor. Since it is a room temperature controller the variation in the room is very slow. PERFORMANCE MEASURES As the performance measure of system is totally dependent on PID Controller performance. So the PID controller performance can be evaluated by the periodic of the parameter hereafter against some baseline values. The performance improvement actions are taken accordingly on a periodic manner. So the Process Variable Error Overshoot Steady state error Settling time Must be calculated by different values of PID controllers Controller tuning methods provide the controller parameters in the form of formula or algorithms. They ensure that the obtained control system would be stable and would meet. These methods require certain knowledge about the controlled process. This knowledge, which depends on the applied method, usually translates into a transfer function. The objectives which should be achieved by the application of the control system are associated with the   control system features Regulating performance, Tracking performance, Robustness, noise attenuation.

Plot Line Revealed in Act 1 of Shakespeare’s As You Like It :: Shakespeare As You Like It Essays

The opening scene of Shakespeare’s As You Like It, in which there is nothing light – hearted, is completely expository and contrived but fulfilling its function of revealing the plot line to the audience. The fact that Shakespeare uses this kind of dramatic technique in the first scene twice shows that he wants to make the wickedness of Oliver perfectly clear. The action starts when Orlando, the younger brother decides to rebel against the oppression of his older brother, who is treating him like a common pheasant. He tells Oliver: ‘The spirit of my father, which I think is within me, begins to mutiny against this servitude. I will no longer endure it, yet I know no wise remedy how to avoid it.’ Orlando’s complaints are completely justified, as Oliver is mean spirited and malicious in the treatment of Orlando, which the audience can clearly see from this opening scene. Oliver appears cold and distant when he speaks with Orlando: ‘Now, sir, what make you here?’ -And this contrasts greatly with the ‘sisterly bond’ between Rosalind and Celia. Orlando approaches Oliver with defiance and a confrontational attitude, arousing the audiences interest at this quarrel, and establishing his character: assertive, honest and bold, a character that every audience will like and take an interest in. Oliver also shows that he is adept in the wordplay matches the play holds. Orlando and Oliver exchange much verbal sparring in the first scene, including when Orlando seizes his brother by the throat, Oliver exclaims, ‘Wilt thou lay hands on me, villain?’ Orlando picks up the root meaning of these words, that he is a person of ignorable birth and replies, ‘I am no villain: I am the younger son of Sir Rowland de Boys; he was my father, and is thrice a villain that says such a father begot villains.’ Shakespeare uses an artful device to portray information to the audience by using the two quarrelling brothers. In Oliver’s soliloquy we can almost anticipate that he is planning something against Orlando: ‘I hope I shall see an end of him’ The opening scene begins with conflict and tension, which arouses interest in the audience. It also presents us with strong character interactions and strong feelings: jealousy, hatred and wickedness, all of which are appealing for anyone watching the play. The theme of injustice also entices the audience and the fact that Oliver is planning against his younger brother is particularly interesting.