Has Donald Trump Kept His Word - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1208 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/27 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Donald Trump Essay Did you like this example? In every election, each nominee during his or her campaign lays out their beliefs and makes promises they try to keep while in office. These promises can range from international trade to cleaning up the local park. No matter the significance of the promises the elected official is judged on their effectiveness to implement policies to uphold the promises made and their ability to keep their word. President Donald Trump has made many campaign promises and has followed through with several of the more important issues in his first two years as President. A major promise Donald Trump made during his campaign was to appoint conservative justices to the United States Supreme Court. After the death of Justice Antonin Scalia in 2016, Donald Trump said before being elected President, I promised that, if elected, I would nominate a Justice who would be faithful and loyal to the Constitution. I even went one step further and publicly presented a list of 20 judges from which I would make my selection, and thats exactly what we did (Trump). On April 10, 2017, Justice Neil Gorsuch took the oath of office. President Trump nominated another justice from the list he previously quoted. Shortly after Justice Anthony Kennedy announced his retirement on June 27, 2018, President trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh who took his oath of office October 6, 2018. President Trump kept his word on selecting not one but two well qualified conservative justices to the United States Supreme Court. Now the highest court in the land has a 5-4 conservative favor, this can only help the right agenda as future cases get ruled. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Has Donald Trump Kept His Word?" essay for you Create order In the same way, President Trump made good on his Supreme Court Justice promise he created a private hotline for veterans to voice their complaints not being addressed by their VA as well as get the help they need such as suicide prevention. This is another method President Trump implemented to ensure all US veterans are properly taken care of. According to the Veterans Affairs Department, the hotline has received over 107,600 calls since its launch in June 2017(as of August 2018)(www.va.gov). The amount of veterans calling and being helped is a huge step for Veteran Affairs in America. So far the President has kept his promises on the Supreme Court and Veteran Affairs but has had to compromise on his efforts to cancel global warming payments to the United Nations. For instance, the President wanted to completely stop all and every climate change related spending, starting with pulling out of the Paris climate agreement. As opposed to President Obama who increased funding for climate change related research and programs. President Trump stated in his White House speech on June 1, 2017, the money being spent in such programs, will be sent to the very countries and factories that have taken our jobs(Trump). In short President Trump, did succeed by shutting down US funding for the Global Climate Fund but he didnt not full stop the funding of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which is a United Nation committee. This is still a step toward keeping his promise. Another promise the President made was to limit legal immigration Donald Trump has again reduced the refugee cap to 30,000 the decision in support of the Presidents American First agenda. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Sept. 17 said the reduction in the refugee cap is the Trump administrations commitment to protect the most vulnerable around the world while prioritizing the safety and well being of the American people, as President Trump has directed(Dept. of State, Pompeo). Pompeo continues by stating the country still must vet every person so we do not allow anyone who might do harm to our country. By limiting the number of refugees the government can allow the best of the best as a way to promote future growth for the United States as a whole. As well as limit legal immigration President Trump suspended immigration from terror-prone countries and tried to end the terror group ISIS. As Donald Trump loosened restraints on the American military they have effectively executed more airstrikes on ISIS-controlled areas in the Middle East, crippling what is left of their terrorist infrastructure. The travel ban as many people called it the Muslim Ban due to the large percentage of Muslim people currently living in these countries has been implemented to prevent potentially dangerous immigrants from the Middle East enter the country by immigration visas. Donald Trump said in his Immigration speech, Homeland Security and the Department of Justice to begin a comprehensive review of these cases in order to develop a list of regions and countries from which immigration must be suspended until proven and effective vetting mechanisms can be put in place. I call it extreme vetting right? Extreme vetting. I want extreme. Its going to be so tough, and if somebody comes in thats fine but theyre going to be good. Its extreme(Trump). After the June 5-4 decision the Supreme Court ruled the President acted within his executive authority meaning the travel ban will stay. President Trump kept his promise to suspend immigration from terror-prone counties and has successfully destroyed ISIS strongholds in Iraq and Syria. Furthermore, Donald Trump made many promises regarding the economy and has plans to promote economic growth through the nation through the creation of 25 million jobs in the next 10 years, which most economists say is impossible. It is too early to tell if his policies have and will generate the economic growth the President is sure of. What can be said for certain is more jobs have been created under the Trump administration. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the economy created between February 2017 and December 2017 more than 1.6 million payroll jobs were created as well as 261,000 jobs in October of 2017. On average for each, the first eight months of 2018 about 200,000 jobs have been created. The President has kept his word on creating domestic jobs for American citizens. Overall President Trump has kept or tried to keep many of his campaign promises. Regardless of your political views or your personal opinion of Donald Trump he has been true to his word and there has been political action taken by his administration to better the lives and interests of the American people. With that being said Donald Trump has kept the promises, which got him, elected and has been an effective President by implementing his policies. Work Cited Current Employment Statistics National News Releases. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2018, www.bls.gov/ces/. Engagement Office of Veteran Affairs, Veterans Experience Office (VEO). Military Crisis Line, 18 Oct. 2017, www.va.gov/ve/whvahotline.asp. Keeping His Promise: President Trumps Transparent, Consistent, and Principled Process for Choosing a Supreme Court Nominee. The White House, The United States Government, 9 July 2018, www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/keeping-promise-president-trumps-transparent-consistent-principled-process-choosing-supreme-court-nominee/. Military Crisis Line: Suicide Prevention Hotline, Chat Text Veterans Crisis Line. Veterans Crisis Line, www.veteranscrisisline.net/get-help/military-crisis-line. Pompeo, Michael R. Remarks to the Media. U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, 17 Sept. 2018, www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2018/09/285960.htm. Transcript of Donald Trumps Immigration Speech. The New York Times, The New York Times, 21 Dec. 2017, www.nytimes.com/2016/09/02/us/politics/transcript-trump-immigration-speech.html?_r=0.

Ted Bundy And Charles Manson The Characteristics Of...

What makes a murderer? The mind of someone who commits such heinous crimes has never really been diagnosed. The chromosomal patterns have yet to be determined. So what causes someone to kill? Are serial killers and mass murderers more of a product of their own upbringing and environment or of delusional thoughts from a chemical imbalance? Someone who kills is an obsessed individual who lacks a conscience and who has no remorse. All the known characteristics of someone who kills point to something beyond our comprehension. Ted Bundy and Charles Manson are both infamous in the world of criminal history. Not all killers are the same: they may have grown up differently, used certain killing methods, and had a unique pool of victims. Iyanla†¦show more content†¦Bundy was born as Theodore Robert Cowell on November 24, 1946 at a home in Burlington, Vermont for unwed mothers. He started his life as a secret shame. His mother, Eleonor Cowell, also known as Louise, was a 22-year-old unwed woman, whose parents were deeply religious. Bundy was raised as the adopted son of his grandparents and was told that his mother was his sister to hide the fact that he was an illegitimate child born out of wedlock. Bundy later found out that his sister was actually his mother and her husband, Johnnie Bundy, formally adopted him. Bundy grew to be very articulate and intelligent as well as charming. However, when he was younger, Bundy was shy and he didn’t do well with his peers. By the time he was in his teens, he started showing signs of a darker side. Bundy recalled that he wandered the streets looking for discarded pornography and peering into other people’s windows. When Bundy was 18, his extensive juvenil e record for theft was dismissed. Eventually, in 1972, Bundy discovered his true passion, which was viciously assaulting his earliest confirmed victim in 1974. Ultimately, Ted Bundy and Charles Manson had completely different upbringings. Each killer uses their own different killing methods. Charles Manson believed in an impending apocalyptic race war, which he called â€Å"Helter Skelter† after the song written by the Beatles. Manson had a group of 100 followers,Show MoreRelatedHow Serial Killers came to be Essay1921 Words   |  8 PagesA serial killer is traditional defined as the separate killings of three or more people by an individual over a certain period of time, usually with breaks between the murders. (Angela Pilson, p. 2, 2011) This definition has been accepted by both the police and academics and therefore provides a useful frame of reference (Kevin Haggerty, p.1, 2009). The paper will seek to provide the readers with an explanation of how serial killers came to be and how they are portrayed in the media. Several serialRead More Serial Killers in the U.S. Essays4042 Words   |  17 PagesBefore we can discuss what serial killers do, we must first define what a serial killer is. Some people might place serial killers into the same group as mass murderers. This would be incorrect because they are two totally different types of killers. While both of these individuals may kill many people, the difference lies in the reason they kill and the period over which they kill their victims. An event or a build up of circumstance triggers mass murderers and causes them to act. This may

Field Of Academic Literacy Development Education Essay Free Essays

string(46) " the University of KwaZulu-Natal \( UKZN \) \." Two articles related to academic literacy development where chosen as the topics for analysis, as academic literacy development is a nucleus research involvement of mine. This is due mostly, to the hapless state-of-affairs of instruction in South Africa. The purpose of this appraising survey was to foreground both strengths and failings of both articles in an effort to derive a better apprehension of good research in the field of academic literacy development. We will write a custom essay sample on Field Of Academic Literacy Development Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both articles were chosen due to their relevancy in my field of involvement. Article one was chosen as it was written by the laminitis of the ‘Reading to Learn: Learning to Read teaching method, while article two was chosen as it conducted similar research to mine within the same university context. A structured ‘article literacy checklist ‘ was used as a starting point for the critical rating. However, due to terrible word restrictions, non all of the checkpoints were discussed in this assignment. It was found that both articles differed in footings of their strengths and failings. For illustration, article one was strong in footings of its clear account of the methodological analysis, consequences and findings whereas article two was strong in its literature reappraisal. In add-on, article two showed some weaknesss in its attack to the sampling process. Both article one and two make usage of a descriptive and process rubric. They both describe what the article will be approximately and place clearly that an account of the procedure involved will be included. However, article one goes one measure farther by set uping that the article is non merely a description, but besides an rating ; thereby, supplying excess information to inform the audience about its relevancy to their country of involvement. Contrastingly, article two, seems to go forth out this information. Possibly this is due to the fact that the writers ‘ focal point of the article was more about the existent programme and non the appraising facet of its efficaciousness? Nevertheless, a reference of this could hold been included in the rubric to better inform the reader of its relevancy to those looking for a description and rating of the procedure of scaffolded attacks to reading and composing seeing as an rating was conducted. Introduction Introductions, or opening statements to any research article serve to introduce the reader to the context and nature of the job to be investigated ( Darley, Zanna A ; Roediger, 2003 ) . This is achieved perceptibly good in both articles as the writers provide a elaborate apprehension of the context of their research and the state of affairs that their participants find themselves located in ( crisis ) . Furthermore, the demand for such a survey is highlighted. However, merely article one provides penetration into the more complex descriptions of the existent research methodological analysis and consequences. Furthermore, unlike article two, non merely does article one clearly specify what is to be realized within the article, but it besides skillfully leads the reader from ‘familiar ‘ nomenclature to the more ‘unfamiliar ‘ proficient linguistic communication. ( Darley et al, 2003 ) . Sing as most research is job driven, both articles ‘ debuts like an ex pert highlight a crisis in instruction ( deficiency of expressed instruction and composing ) and both point to a similar blank ( an absence/gap in pedagogic attacks in rectifying this crisis ) . Abstraction Both articles have an abstract and are easy decoded. However, article one seems to supply a more in-depth abstract than article two, as article two leaves out any reference of an appraising facet within the paper. In add-on, article two does non supply any keywords, which is a critical constituent of being able to recover information electronically. Research Goals Both articles clearly province that the research article undertook to research a new/different attack to learning academic literacy development. In add-on, the end of both articles was to explicate a state of affairs found in a certain context ( hapless pupils ‘ literacy development ) and to prove the efficaciousness of the pedagogic attack adopted. However, this was overtly stated in article one and non in article two. Literature Review An of import principle for a literature reappraisal is the demand to explicate a proposal for your research you intend to set about and convert your reader that your research is of import ( Hart, 1998 ) . Furthermore, harmonizing to Hart ( 1998 ) , the assessment of literature for your research provides a strong practical proof for your research and demonstrates an apprehension of your subject at manus. This is really clearly demonstrated in article two which combines a thorough probe into the theory of scaffolding scholars reading and composing and an application of that theory to the South African context ( Vygotsky, larning as a societal procedure, Cummins BICS and CALP and so forth ) . The sourcing of other research in article two ‘s literature reappraisal besides provides academic burdening to their research. Contrasting article two, is article one, which still provides a literature reappraisal in its ‘context and intent of the research ‘ subdivision, but from a somewhat different point of position. Sing as Dr David Rose is one of the establishing authors/researchers in the ‘Reading to Learn: Learning to Read methodological analysis, it is no surprise that there appears to be less mentioning of other old surveies in literacy development. Alternatively, his literature reappraisal seems to stem from his personal surveies of 25 old ages of experience in researching hapless literacy degrees of non-native talkers. Sampling and Research Design Sampling can be a instead combative issue as many research workers disagree in their procedure of choosing their sample units from the broader population and this may make every bit controversial arguments as to whether their findings can be generalized, or seen as accurate ( Trochim, 2006 ) . This is apparent in article two which used a non-random sampling process and involved inadvertent /convenience sampling. Harmonizing to Bouma and Ling ( 2004 ) this involves a survey of a population that is instantly available. The writers of article two used the full cohort of Science Access pupils at the University of KwaZulu-Natal ( UKZN ) . You read "Field Of Academic Literacy Development Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" An advantage of utilizing this sampling process could associate to its simpleness ( needed small attempt ) , and an relief of issues related to statistical dependability ( Field, 2009 ) . After all, the greater the sample size, the smaller the standard mistake in your findings! However, Bouma and Ling ( 2004 ) clearly province that inadvertent sampling may non supply a clear representation of the larger population of which you are seeking to pull out valuable information from. For illustration, research in the field of literacy development in South Africa needs to impact upon, and assistance ALL disadvantaged scholars, from vastly differing contexts. Students from destitute backgrounds in the different states of South Africa have different barriers to larning ; hence, if the research workers in article two want to be able to take their findings and use them to all Universities in South Africa, possibly random sampling is required, as non-random sampling, harmonizing to Bouma and Ling ( 2004 ) provides merely a weak footing for generalization. However, if the purpose of the writers was to look into a pedagogic attack to literacy development within the context of their local university as a footing for farther surveies within the broader So uth African context, so this sampling process would be able to supply equal informations as it used the full cohort of Science Access pupils at UKZN. Article one made usage of an action research design that investigated and evaluated a alteration in teaching method. Rose ( 2008 ) mentioned that the research workers were the agents presenting the alterations in teaching method. This type of research was good atoned to the aims of the research itself as it allowed the research worker to prosecute in brooding and automatic patterns ( Pring, 2006 ) . Furthermore, seeing as the research workers were more concerned with bettering an already neglecting standard signifier of academic literacy teaching method, the action research design was good suited to the end of the research, which was to research an improved educational pattern ( Pring, 2006 ) . Just like article two, the full cohort of pupils were given the option to partake in the survey but merely 25 opted to be portion of the research. Once once more, a non-random, inadvertent trying procedure was chosen but contrasting article one, article two clearly stated that the research fin dings were limited to one context and to be used at one University for the time-being. Consequences ( qualitative and quantitative ) , treatments and decisions It is assumed ( no explicit reference ) that article two made usage of both qualitative and quantitative informations as the trials required written work which so appears to hold been codified. However, no reference of this is given in the results/findings, nor any reference of how the codification was done Article two nowadayss their treatment of their findings in the signifier of an rating of the success of the scientific discipline communicating faculty. The writers are honorable and forthright in their statement sing the troubles they faced in mensurating the class ‘s success, due to the complexnesss of literacy development, which must be commended. However, their existent findings are obscure as a reference of an addition in public presentation by pupils in both the written and comprehension parts of the proving seem to belie a ulterior statement in the same sentence ( p458 ) . There could be a disagreement in the reading of pupils ( all pupils tested ) and most pupils ( n on all pupils tested ) . Furthermore, four key jobs were outstanding within the findings. First, pupils are categorised into three different groups ( weakest, in-between and strongest ) . No reference or account is given as to how or why these groups were categorised. Second, table three provides a comparing of betterment. No indicant is given as to whether this is still the average tonss ( continued from table two ) or in fact, the average tonss. This could be important should the distribution of the tonss non be usually distributed. If the information was in fact skewed, than the average tonss would supply a better step of cardinal inclination. Third, inquiries arise with respects to the cogency and dependability of the tools of measuring. Field ( 2009 ) states that cogency and dependability are belongingss of measuring that aid guarantee measurement mistake is kept to a lower limit. In this peculiar article, issues of standard cogency influence the authorization of the findings. This is because the trials implemented may non really prove reading AND composing accomplis hments of scholars. Learners were being taught to read and compose big pieces of scientific authorship ( essays and studies ) but the trial implemented was proving an betterment of these accomplishments through the usage of MCQ ‘s ( Oklahoma for proving comprehension ) and short written undertakings. These composing undertakings required no more than 7-10 lines of written work which did non prove genre conventions acquired or the ability to compose longer texts. At the same clip, the entryway trials are pitched at a pre-university degree. Students, after one twelvemonth of explicit scaffolding where given a similar trial, still pitched at the pre-university degree, which inquiries whether a ‘learned-effect ‘ influenced betterment and non merely the intercession ( Arrow, 1962 ) . This brings to light issues of test-retest dependability ( Field, 2009 ) . Last, no existent trial statistics are given in the findings to state us whether the per centum of betterments ( 1 4 % ; 11 % and 5 % ) are statistically important in themselves. Therefore, they are strictly descriptive in the presentation. Article one is a batch clearer in footings of its research findings and consequences as it skillfully explains the measuring tool used to measure the authorship undertakings. Unlike article two, there does non look to be negative issues related to standard cogency as trials set out to mensurate the efficaciousness of the pedagogic attack step longer pieces of composing to prove composing accomplishments. The trials are farther authenticated by the usage of both qualitative and quantitative feedback. The consequences of both of these are really clearly laid out for the reader to position. Furthermore, the footing for the cryptography of the qualitative information was backed up by tested and tried methods used by the University of Sydney and research in the field of Linguistics. This allowed the rates of literacy betterment to be objectively measured. Article one besides ranked their research population into three separate groups but a description of how and why this was done was expr essed and allowed for greater apprehension than article two. Article one provided a much clearer description/discussion of its findings and offered possible motivation factors for countries that did non match to the overall tendency of patterned advance. This, together with neatly laid out tabular arraies and graphs of the information, let for higher degrees of assurance in the objectiveness of the action research. Furthermore, the findings of the action research were besides linked to suggestions of how to better literacy development amongst disadvantaged scholars across Australia. To reason, both article one and article two provide good illustrations of research in the field of literacy development. In add-on, they provide good theoretical accounts of how to, and how non to, describe on such findings. Both may hold differing strengths and failings, but still supply a good illustration of how to carry on valid and nonsubjective research. The analysis of the two articles have provided a good foundation for my ain research and have besides provided an chance for me to change my current research to supply more valid and dependable consequences. How to cite Field Of Academic Literacy Development Education Essay, Essay examples

Brexit Consequences to the Economy

Question: Discuss about theBrexit Consequences to the Economy. Answer: Introduction Brexit which is an abbreviation for British Exit refers to the intention by the United Kingdom to withdraw from the European Union after the June 2016 referendum. This process has led to a lot of controversy on economic and diplomatic scholars who have argued for and against the process. This is because the timetable and terms of withdrawal had not been set up to as early as September 2016. The EU treaty of 2007 gave member countries under article 50 where constitutional requirements of a member country give the freedom of a member country t exit the EU after a member country has given notice of exit and the member countries have unanimously voted in favour of the exit (Nicholas, P12). UK joined the EEC which later changed to EU on January 1973, however after joining the EEC there a contest in the UK n whether the country should stay in EEC or exit. This led to a referendum in 1975 where the electorate voted to approve UK to remain in EEC. Booth et al (P11) suggests that since then ideologies in support of withdrawal and those for membership formed the basis of camping for political parties in UK. This thus led to pressure on David Cameron the prime minister of UK to determine the position of the UK people within the EU. Pressure from MPs from Camerons side and those from the UK Independent Party led to the announcement by the conservative party that it will introduce a referendum on Brexit. When the party won the election, there was no option but to introduce the referendum where the electorate voted for exit. This led to major campaign groups like vote leave, leave EU, Grass root out, and Better off out. These campaigns overpowered the official campaign to remain in EU (Britain stringer in Europe). This referendum that led to Brexit was thus a campaign manifesto pledge by the conservative party. Economic Arguments for and Against Brexit According to Breinlich, Dhingra and Ottaviano (p21) Members of the EU contribute an annual membership fee which costs the economy of the country. In 2015 UK made a net contribution of 8.5 billion pounds that amounts to 7% of UKs expenditure on NHS each year. This means that exit from the EU will benefit the UK through reinvestment of the membership fee into the country. This will thus change the nature of spending within the EU and thus new financial negotiations by the UK will help in benefiting from the EU investments without being a member. This comes with extended benefits of falling within the EU zone and the strategic position of UK in the EU. Prior championing of reallocation of EU spending from administration and support makes(Crafts, p191). Extended benefits of exit will lead to other countries moving away from the EU and thus making UK the preferred destination for business. The exit from the EU will lead to sovereignty by UK where the British parliament will have more powers to make decisions that can improve the economy of UK. This benefit will be coupled by other EU regulations which affect all countries and thus UK will have some level of sovereignty. This will include regaining of fishing rights on its coast which may improve the economy of the country. Experts argue that overregulation costs the UK economy 125 billion as a result of the Brussels red tape. However sovereignty will lead to negotiation of trade deals with emerging economies like China and Japan. Based on the Swiss or FTA models the UK negotiates access to EU markets Brexit model adopted by the UK will either improve the economy r lead to dire consequences. Due t EU priorities in agriculture and regional structural activities, the UK will benefit proportionately by bargaining on how the benefits are concentrated. However it will be easier for UK to negotiate its investment agreements with other countries outside EU that offer market for EU. Through this negotiating flexibility will increase business opportunities and advantages that come from the agreements by the UK and other countries. Therefore UKs membership in the EU leads to a lot of benefits that are as a result of free trade (Glick and Rose, P. 1131). Baldwin (1137), argues that EU has established a single market where no tariffs are imposed on both exports and imports between member states. UK exports 50% of total exports to EU countries without trade restrictions and tariffs. Therefore the EU gives member countries advantage to have a say on what happens within the bloc. Further EU countries benefit from trade between other superpowers like the US where the EU intends to create a bigger free trade area for its members. An exit from the EU will mean that UK loses all these benefits and has to make trade negotiations on its own. Further the country will have to face trade tariffs that non EU countries have faced since the inception of the EU. The UK will thus rely on trade agreements between individual countries which may be expensive since the EU has a larger control and the European countries may not be willing to make free trade agreements with UK (Haskel, Pereira, and Slaughter, p 491). UKs treasury released a report justifying the consequences of Brexit to the economy of the country. The report suggested that Brexit will increase unemployment and the value of the sterling pound will be affected. According to the Guardian Brexit vote was the beginning of UK recession with many changes being seen immediately after the vote. According to experts this meant that Brexit was not a good idea for UK. Declining prices in the real estate and pound verses dollar exchange are an indicator that all is not well. Brexit presents challenges that the UK has to deal with which will automatically affect the economy of the country. Through EU supply chains are concentrated geographically increasing the supply ratio of gods from UK. Thus Brexit will reduce trade and increase the cost of trade in the EU. This is due to loosing the benefits of the single market that provide economies scale and competition within the EU area. Thus UK largely benefits from the high ratio of trade that is r elative to value added terms from the EU (Straathof et al p13; Alfaro et al p97). Minford ( 21), Further experts argue that economic risks like increased tasks due to the Brexit will lead to decline of key businesses like car manufacturing companies that have benefited from the EU membership and thus enjoying free exports. Banks may also be forced to move their headquarters to the EU which will lead to a drop in tax revenues enjoyed by UK. Many countries invest in the UK since it is a gateway to the free EU market. Through this UK makes 400 billion a year from EU trade and thus could reduce UKS GDP by 10% since it may amount loosing over 500 million customers. Further trickle down effects of the exit will cost the citizen more money as a result of loosing EU benefits. EU citizens enjoy lower credit cards, cheap flight safety standards, and environmental standards. Thus the citizen will lose protection from the Brussels authorities that protect EU citizens against abuse from multinational companies. This means that Brexit will not affect that UK government but rath er UK citizens will lose the benefits that they have enjoyed from EU membership (Ottaviano et al, p9). Evaluate the Financial Impact on London as a Leading Financial Centre in the World, if the Referendum Result on Brexit on 23 June 2016 Turned out that Britain Leaves the EU. Dhingra et al (p13,), state that the argument on the effects of Brexit on the UK economy extends to the dominance of London as the leading financial centre in Europe. Different arguments have been presented on whether London will remain an important financial centre under the new conditions. London is the worlds financial leader above New York that is regarded the financial powerhouse of US. According to Feyre(21), in the last decades London quickly rose due to developments from emerging markets that are a result of BRICs economies. These economies have changed time zones of financial centres where Londons working hours have overlapped all major financial centres. This has enabled London attain global reach by influencing the terms of the fianc industry. London has thus become a boardroom centre for financial decisions across the world. This includes interest rates, commercial mortgage contracts, and insurance contracts. This rise in financial globalization has positioned London at the centre of international banking. Therefore the Brexit decision will affect the role of London as a worlds financial leader. Therefore London is the most preferred centre for many businesses due to its strengths that date back to the 19th century. The city has relied on the time zone, language and legal advantages within the city. This will be an advantage to the city in the case it exits from the EU since develop a revolution for digital technology and artificial intelligence. However the bargaining exit by UK will determine the benefits that London will get from the EU. George Osborne has lobbied for protection of London from EU regulations against British banks against other countries (Holehouse, p 23). Pain and Young (p391), suggest that the exit from the EU will affect London as a preferred financial hub with most banks like JPMorgan Chase Co., and HSBC bank having plans to move some of their investments to Paris. Experts argue that the city of London cannot avoid financial consequences that it has benefited from the EU. Most investors will pull out of London since the free trade benefits that are as a result of the EU rules will not apply. Further London has prospered in regulation making it the best preferred EU country. Brexit will create a long period of uncertainty within UK and London to landlords, homeowners and developers. International investors will change their investment trends and thus some business sectors. These market unrests will therefore reduce the dominance of London and the prices that have been set by the city. London will lose its dominance therefore becoming an offshore centre vulnerable to EU policies and regulations. This will therefore lead to some dominant businesses within UK shifting their operations. This will lead to the emergence of new cities within Euro zone like Paris where the business operations will shift to. British banking industry that is a major boost to London will lose access to a single market giving rise to other regions. For example US banks have developed plans that will ensure they dominate the EU market after Brexit. The banks have already moved some of their activities to Dublin as an early preparation for Brexit opportunities (Baier et al, 490). Further trickle down effects to London will affect over two million workers who earn a living in the city. The workers will be forced to leave London due to limited opportunities. This exit from London will affect the housing industry and reduce the tax revenues that are gained from these two million people. The Centre for European Reform study for reforms study established that these changes will make Britain to be classified as third world country by EU. Therefore EU regulations on third world countries to maintain and regulate their financial sectors will limit grants that UK receives form the EU. Therefore the outcome will be reduced opportunities for UK and London. Longer Term Risk Management Approach of British firms if the Referendum Results on Brexit Markets in the UK are experiencing high volatility levels with sharp falls by experienced on the sterling pound, banking stocks and reducing credit rate of the UK. This falling in stocks affected many countries like Germany, Italy, and France. This deteriorating economy presents markets with two uncertainties of getting outside the EU and how they will reach their. This presents political risks that will change the future of the UK. The conservative party in the UK is being faced with political challenges with the UK prime minister being ready to resign. The conservative party has the task of leading the country out of the EU and seeing the country regains its position in Europe. Clear political strategies that are aimed at changing the countrys political nature. The new prime minister has to negotiate the terms of exit in the EU. Article fifty of the constitution stats the exit plan that will take the country two years to leave the EU. UK has to agree on new arrangements that will s ee the European council support the exit (Campos, Coricelli and Moretti, p 32). Negotiations on the exit are supposed to form an exit plan that will see the removal of cross border barriers that will hinder UK from accessing cross border advantages in the market. Directive like capital Requirements Directive (2009/138/EC), Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2004/39/EC), Payment Services Directive (2007/64/EC) and Undertaking Collective Investment Scheme Directive (85/611/EEC). These directives can be used to develop new regulations that will see UK benefit firm EU. However UK can also adopt the Norwegian Model by becoming a member of the EEA with European Free Trade Association (EFTA) where there will be access to the single European market but will lose the decision making advantage. This means that policies will be made by other countries and thus will be dictated on UK. Alternatively UK can become a member of the EFTA without EEA developed from Switzerland approach of negotiating bilateral agreements n specific areas of the single market that UK has interest in. Lack of decision making on policy issues will limit UKs ability on negotiating rights on passports that may have tremendous effects on some European banks. These regulations will affect business and how UK as a country relates with other partners (Mejean and Schwellnus, p8). Parker has developed a decision that will see UK leave EU through a new practise that will see 100 technical experts from different areas and industries to provide strategic advice and support to develop clear policies and strategies for implementation of the disengagement process. Conclusion Britain has been an EU member for over forty years and thus an exit will automatically interfere with the economy f the country. The effects will create an economic uncertainty that will negatively affect households spending. However UK can borrow from models like the Norwegian style of European Economic Area, Turkish style of customs union, free to agree, Swiss-style bilateral accords and MFN approach in doing trade within the EU. However the prospects of changes in the financial market are dependent on the outcome of the referendum where an exit will affect the stock market, bond market, and the sterling pound where the tremors will spread and affect other markets in the world. 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