Twins and the College Application Essay

College admissions ask applicants to share their unique qualities and interests, but how do you do that when youre a twin?GoQuakers, who is currently studying at the University of Pennsylvania, shares how she approached the college application essay as a twin:Starting the Common App personal statement essay has a way of channeling everyone’s biggest insecurity throughout the college process: â€Å"What if the most unique thing about me is just not unique enough?† Admittedly, I was no exception to this paradigm. In fact, I ended up choosing to write about my experience as an identical twin. My twin sister, by the way, was applying to nearly the same exact list of schools as me. You can probably understand my dilemma. Being an identical twin was the immediate subject I considered writing about for the Common App prompt â€Å"Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story.† However, I almost shook this thought from my head straightaway, simply because I assumed that it was the â€Å"obvious† thing to write about. I felt colleges would see this as something that was built into my life rather than a project I decided to dedicate my soul to or a place that I have found personal contentment in, a subject that solely was about my interests and personality. I was so caught up in sounding exotic and diverse that during my initial consideration of the prompt, I didn’t think it was enough to write about how being a twin has actually made me a more distinct person. To be honest (and warning: extremely sentimental), being an identical t win has truly been the greatest blessing in my life. This role has not only taught me how to be a member of a team, but ironically also how to differentiate myself as an individual that can stand on her own and follow her own destiny. Not a lot of people realize this paradox. As an identical twin, it is often vital to mentally distinguish your fascinations and quirks from those of your sibling as you embrace the qualities that you and your twin share in order to fulfill a greater sense of self. When I tried to generate more ideas for the prompt, I realized that I didn’t have quite as much to say regarding other accomplishments and experiences. When I finally ran through ideas with a counselor, he noticed this, too, and told me that I was crazy to insist on not going with my gut instinct. Of course, I listened. Coming from this process, I have two words of advice: be genuine. It’s called a personal statement for a reason. Even if you have an idea that is great in theory, you have to have a lot to say about it, because that it ultimately what conveys passion to admissions officers. That’s right: admissions will see right through your essay if all it consists of is lofty concepts and baroque diction rather than a true bond between the subject and the writer. You could have gone on an amazing service trip during which you saved tens of children from starvation in Sub-Saharan Africa, but if you really don’t connect with that experience on the deepest level possible, that is not necessarily what you should be writing about. On a general note, I urge applicants to think long and hard about finding a topic that is completely distinct and sincere in regard to what has shaped them and to make sure that they run through their ideas with a counselor, family, friends, or all of the above. That’s what I did, and hey, I’m going to my dream school this coming fall, so something here must have gone right. Want to read the final version of the essay that got her accepted to UPenn? You canunlock her profileand read her full application. For more inspiration, make sure to search through profiles of students accepted to seeessays, stats, and advice. See how they got in, and how you can too!

Affirmative Action in the United States essays

Affirmative Action in the United States essays The writer Mary Anne Warren is focusing on describing the current practices in many organizations today in regards to the implementing a goal vs. a quota system for the purposes of affirmative action. She defines a quota as "Those who use the term "quotas" pejoratively tend to assume that the numerical standards will be set so high or enforced so rigidly that strong reverse discrimination-that is, the deliberate hiring of demonstrably less well qualified candidates-will be necessary to implement them." (Warren, 370). Warren then describes goal as "The term "goal", on the other hand, suggests that this will not be the case, and that good faith efforts to comply with the standards by means short of strong reverse discrimination will be acceptable." (Warren, 370). The critical thing that must be understood when exploring the subject is that the writer is describing how affirmative action is being applied in American organizations today in other words the current reality. However, she fails to speak to us about how the law designs this program to function. This is the critical component that American organizations must be educated to understand. Affirmative action as defined by law is most definitively not based on a quota system. In fact, what is not widely known is that this program can be equally used by all individuals provided that an inequality exists in the group that they belong to as not being reflected in the work force. So what is affirmative action? What is it designed to do? It is not designed to provide an opportunity to an unqualified candidate. It is designed as "a way of compensating individuals or groups for past injustices or for present disadvantages stemming form past injustices" (Warren, 373). It is further designed "as a means about bringing about further future goods-for example, raising the status of downtrodden groups." (Warren, 373). The keyword in these quotes is the word "group". ...

Book exploration of Thomas Conlan, State of War Essay

Book exploration of Thomas Conlan, State of War - Essay Example Perhaps a 14th century Japanese warrior would not be pleased regarding the revived concept of the Unknown Soldier. Just the state of being a warrior was a source of fame, recognition, and glory for the warrior symbolizing a high position within the society. If one’s efforts in war were to be left unnoticed, it would be similar to being unappreciated by others for his â€Å"brave† acts on the battlefield. In his book State of War, the author Thomas Conlan recreates the concept of soldiery in the traditional 14th century setting of Japanese history. It explains the aspect of a Japanese warrior as a soldier far from his ideals. The book presents a very contrasting perspective of what is generally accepted and assumed about Japanese warriors. While doing so, he demonstrated the reality of how states and societies actually functioned in the presence of a warrior system. Thus, the book presents an analysis of 14th century soldiery by analyzing the casualty records of the cent ury. War had been for ages masked its brutalities in order to hide its real essence. War became a source of unnecessary attention meant to earn recognition and fame by employing methods to be noticed among the huge army. Several accounts give a description of warriors coming on dyed horses of vibrant colors intentionally done so to be noticed from far behind (Conlan, 18). This form of a showy self-promotion was merely meant to get oneself recognized among his enemies for an image of high status. Conlan (13) presents the real experiences of wars in his book which reflect the true nature of wars and the motives of warrior to use the war as a platform to rise in the minds of people. A historical account of a war provides details which affirm the flamboyant nature of warriors who were rewarded with great extravagances for displaying their supposedly courageous actions on the battlefields. All efforts made after the war glorified the soldiers who took part

Case Big Banks Big Bucks Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Big Banks Big Bucks - Case Study Example In other words, the assets of the financial institution would have been counted applying a different rubric than what was in actuality a clear representation of the current value. Additionally, before FAS 157 financial institutions were not required to clarify changes in credit risks, meet the same rigid disclosure requirements, or painstakingly disclose the hierarchies and means of measurement that they employed to measure their assets and liabilities. Measurement of assets is a tricky business. One of the most troublesome aspects of this is the fact that on any given day the assets and or liabilities of the financial institution are prone to move in either direction. Accordingly, it makes it difficult for leadership as well as the firm’s investors to make informed decisions about the actual net worth of the firm and in what direction it may wish to pursue based on the information. Likewise, in addition to the fluctuation of the daily stock market, the financial institutions now had to be cognizant of the changing nature of their assets with respect to the changes in market activity and financial instruments that help define the true market value of the securities and other mechanisms held by

Policy paper-fixing health care (Zoonotic disease) Research Paper

Policy -fixing health care (Zoonotic disease) - Research Paper Example stercoralis (3%). The overall prevalence of D. immitis is 25.3% (from www.EMERGING%20PARASITES%20OF%20PUBLIC%20HEALTH%20SIGNIFICANCE ). Evaluation of the parasite burden of Tricuris tricuria in a St. Lucian community showed most of the community having a low burden of the parasite, while few members of the community had a heavy burden. 84% of t those harbouring the parasite were found to be children in the age group two to fifteen years. Children of the same age group constituted 87% of those individuals having hundred or more worms (Bundy et al, 1987). Zoonotic burden in Jamaica is to a significant extent due to the close interaction of humans and pets like dogs. 73% of the households in Jamaica maintain pet dogs. Assessment through faecal examination showed that 58% of the animals were infected with one or more of the eight helminths distributed as Uncinaria stenocecephala 26%, Ancylostoma sp. 23%, Trichuris vulpis 9%, Toxocara canis 8%, Spirocera lupi 6%, Strongyloides sp. 6%, Appphallus sp. 4%, and taenids 1% (Robinson, Thompson & Lindo, 1989). The results of the study into the Annotto Bay community in the Parish of St. Mary, Jamaica showed that 64.7% of the stool specimens of the community had one or more of the helminth species and that there was a marked age dependence demonstrated with the helminth infestation occurring most commonly in the pre-school children (Win, 1996). Screw worms or Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation in Jamaica in 1998 was 25,000. Since then an eradication program has led to its diminishing infestation in Jamaica. Between 2004 and 2007 the annual average infestation of screw worms had dipped to 2,000 and in 2008 the infestation had dropped to 452, which included twenty infestations in humans (Reid, 2008). In 2007 UNAIDS sponsored a study into the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children infected with HIV/Aids. The results of

Temperature Dependent Speed Controller Using Thermistor Computer Science Essay

Temperature Dependent Speed Controller Using Thermistor Computer Science Essay This project is a standalone automatic fan speed controller that controls the speed of an electric fan according to our requirement. This closed loop feedback control system is efficient and reliable by using embedded technology . Micro controller (AT89C51) allows dynamic and faster control. Liquid crystal display (LCD) makes the system user-friendly. The sensed temperature and fan speed level values are simultaneously displayed on the LCD panel. It is very compact using few components and can be implemented for several applications including air-conditioners, water-heaters, snow meltars, ovens, heat-exchangers, mixers, furnaces, incubators, thermal baths and veterinary operating tables. AT89C51 micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all the functions. The temperature sensor thermistor senses the temperature and converts it into an electrical (analog) signal, which is applied to the micro controller through ADC. The analog signal is converted into digital format by the analog to-digital converter (ADC). The sensed and set values of the temperature are displayed on the 162-line LCD. The micro controller drives control relays by means of ULN driver circuit to control the fan speed with the help of high wattage tagged wire wound resistor. Single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relays are connected to the micro controller through a ULN driver circuit. The relays require 12 volts at a current of around 50 mA, which cannot provided by the micro controller. So the ULN driver circuit is added. The relays are used to operate the electrical fan or for operating any other electrical device. Normally the relays remain off. As soon as pin of the micro controller goes high, the relays operate This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA 12V, 500mA power supply. 7805 and 7812 three terminal voltage regulators are used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer. This project is useful in process industries for maintenance and controlling temperature. CHOICE OF MICROCONTROLLER There are different types of processors and controllers available in the market. Industrial and control application/may require automation of the process such as temperature, pressure, liquid flow, etc., in order to minimize manual intervention. To automate any application an intelligent controller plays a major role. One such controller proposed for the project is AT89C51, an 8-bit microcontroller. The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a con- ventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control appli- cations The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry.In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. CHOICE OF MEMORY As the system under consideration is using AT89C51 microcontroller it has 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory and EPROM for its purposes. The ATMEL AMR code is stored in an inbuilt flash memory. Flash memory cannot be reprogrammed constantly. The temperature sensor device also supports the storage of last ten pairs of measurements and new measurements are over written to the older one. Hence this system is using EEPROM as a data storage memory. Even though EEPROM is slower than Flash memory it can be rewritten as many number of times as wanted. Memory Organization The information presented in this chapter is collected from the Microcontroller Architectural Overview, AT89C51, AT89LV51, AT89C52, AT89LV52, AT89C2051, and AT89C1051 data sheets of this book. The material has been selected and rearranged to form a quick and convenient reference for the programmers of Atmels microcontroller family of devices. This guide pertains specifically to the AT89C51, AT89LV51, AT89C52, and AT89LV52. Memory Organization Program Memory The AT89C Microcontroller has separate address spaces for program memory and data memory. The program memory can be up to 64 Kbytes long. The lower addresses may reside onchip. Figure 1 shows a map of the AT89C51 program memory, and Figure 2 shows a map of the AT89C52 program memory. The AT89C10512051 do not have off-board memory expansion. Figure 1. AT89C51 Program Memory Flash Microcontroller Memory Organization Figure 2. AT89C52 Program Memory 0498A Data Memory The AT89C can directly address up to 64 Kbytes of data memory external to the chip. The MOVX instruction accesses the external data memory. (Refer to the Instruction Set section in this chapter for a detailed description of instructions). The AT89C51 has 128 bytes of on-chip RAM (256 bytes in the AT89C52) plus a number of Special Function Registers (SFRs). The lower 128 bytes of RAM can be accessed either by direct addressing (MOV data addr) or by indirect addressing (MOV Ri). CHOICE OF ADC ADC0804 (Analog to Digital Converter) Figure 3 illustrates the main function of the ADC0804 i.e. to convert the input signal from temperature sensor device to voltage form that has 8-bit output. This device acts as a memory location or port entry to the microprocessor and does not require additional logic extension. ADC0804 design. To prove that this design is according to the specifications hardware, the formula used is as follows: ADC out = Ain / Vmax X 256 (1.2) where ADC out = digital output value Ain = Input Gain Vmax = Maximum voltage Using formula (1.2), it is found that: without amplifier, ADC out = Ain / Vmax X 256 = (1/5) X 256 = 51 D = 00110011 B So that, the temperature value is = 100 / 51 = 1.96 °C à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 °C If using amplifier, ADC out = Ain / Vmax X 256 = (5 /5) X 256 = 256 D = 1111 1111 B (Proved) ADC 0804 Analog to digital converters find huge application as an intermediate device to convert the signals from analog to digital form. These digital signals are used for further processing by the digital processors. Various sensors like temperature, pressure, force etc. convert the physical characteristics into electrical signals that are analog in nature. ADC0804 is a very commonly used 8-bit analog to digital convertor.  It is a single channel IC, i.e., it can take only one analog signal as input. The digital outputs vary from 0 to a maximum of 255. The step size can be adjusted by setting the reference voltage at pin9. When this pin is not connected, the default reference voltage is the operating voltage, i.e., Vcc. The step size at 5V is 19.53mV (5V/255), i.e., for every 19.53mV rise in the analog input, the output varies by 1 unit. To set a particular voltage level as the reference value, this pin is connected to half the voltage. For example, to set a reference of 4V (Vref), pin9 is connected to 2V (Vref/2), thereby reducing the step size to 15.62mV (4V/255).   ADC0804 needs a clock to operate. The time taken to convert the analog value to digital value is dependent on this clock source. An external clock can be given at the Clock IN pin. ADC 0804 also has an inbuilt clock which can be used in absence of external clock. A suitable RC circuit is connected between the Clock IN and Clock R pins to use the internal clock. Pin Diagram:   An ADC is an electronic device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The reverse operation is done by a DAC. The digital output may be using different coding schemes such as binary and twos compliment binary. Most ADCs are of a type known as linear which means that the range of input values that map to each output value has a linear relationship with the output value. The ADC used is an IC, ADC 0804. Features  · Compatible with 8080  µP derivatives-no interfacing logic needed access time 135 ns  · Easy interface to all microprocessors, or operates stand alone  · Differential analog voltage inputs  · Logic inputs and outputs meet both MOS and TTL voltage level specifications  · Works with 2.5V (LM336) voltage reference  · On-chip clock generator  · 0V to 5V analog input voltage range with single 5V supply  · No zero adjust required  · 0.3[Prime] standard width 20-pin DIP package  · 20-pin molded chip carrier or small outline package  · Operates ratiometrically or with 5 VDC, 2.5 VDC, or analog span adjusted voltage reference CHOICE OF SCHEDULING ALGORITHM. Many scheduling algorithm have been studied to guarantee the real time constraints of real time process. Scheduling decisions of this algorithm is usually based on parameters which are assumed to be crisp. However, in many circumstances the values of these parameters are vague. The vagueness of parameters suggests us to make the usage of fuzzy logic to decide in what order the request should be executed to better utilize the system and as a results reduce the chance of a request being missed. Our main contribution is proposing a fuzzy approach to microprocessor/microcontroller real time scheduling in which the scheduling parameters are treated as fuzzy variables. SAMPLING RATES OF CONTROLLED LOOP The temperature measurement device Resistance Temperature Detector a measure temperature in the range of -25-150 degree Celsius. But in this application the temperature inside the container is maintained at 25 degree Celsius. There is no much deviation of temperature inside the container. The container temperature doesnt vary that much in a second. The resolution of the device is 0.1 degree Celsius if the temperature inside the container varies more than the 0.1 degree Celsius the temperature sensing device can able to detect and the output will be shown. Suppose the temperature inside the container is changing at the rate of 0.1 degree Celsius per second the output has the frequency of 1 Hz. So the sampling rate for the device to sample or measure the temperature neednt be that high. So the device is using a sampling rate of 1 for measuring temperature i.e. temperature measurement device is having a sampling frequency of 1 HZ. Number of bits per second will be 10 bits per second (1 HZ*10 bits) which can be easily handled by 10 bit ATMEL ADC. Temperature Sensor Resolution   0.1 degree Celsius Temperature change inside the container   1 degree Celsius per minute So the frequency would be 0.6 HZ Sampling frequency = 0.6*5 = 3Hz (to be greater) Sampling rate = 0.3 Seconds   CHOICE OF REAL TIME SCHEDULING ALGORITHM There are basically four types of real times scheduling algorithm Round Robin Round Robin with interrupt Function queue scheduling RTOS( Real Time Operating System)   ROUND ROBIN It is the simplest algorithm. The Round Robin algorithm is characterized by the absence of interrupts. The algorithm consists of a main loop that checks each I/O device in turn and Service them if needed. it cannot suffer from shared data problems. Latency is limited by the maximum duration of a loop cycle. Attractive for simple environments. At the same time the disadvantage for the algorithm is it cannot set priorities. Its worst case wait for an important task code is the sum of execution time of all the other task code. ROUND ROBIN WITH INTERRUPT The main advantage of Round Robin with interrupt routines deals with the very urgent needs of devices. Interrupt routines set flags to indicate the interrupt happened. Main while loop polls the status of the interrupt flags and does any  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   follow up process required by a set flag. It moves more control over priority.    FUNCTION QUEUE SCHEDULING The advantage of function queue scheduling is latency for high priority devices can be reduced compared to Round-Robin with Interrupts. In Round-Robin with Interrupts every loop may end up executing every follow-up task. Function-Queue Scheduling guarantees that at most a single follow-up task is executed per loop iteration. The main disadvantage is latency for low priority tasks can increase. Low priority tasks can actually starve. Queuing algorithm may be complex/costly to run/code. If a low priority follow-up task is very time consuming the latency for higher priority response times will suffer. RTOS The advantage of RTOS is interrupts signal the need for follow-up tasks. But, unlike Function-Queue Scheduling, this is handled by the Real-Time Operating System and not by the interrupt routines manipulating flags or a queue. Instead of a loop deciding what to do next the RTOS decides. One follow-up task can be suspended by the RTOS in favouring of performing a higher priority task.-Queue. Suspension of tasks allows the worst case wait for the highest priority item to be zero. Built-in scheduling mechanism yields a system with very stable response characteristics even when changes to the code occur. Widely available for purchase. This embedded system is using  Round Robin Scheduling  as real time scheduling algorithm. The device is used to control only the temperature inside the steel container and so round robin architecture can be set here. FAILURE CONDITIONS The system will fail only if the temperature exceeds the range of the temperature sensor. Since it is a room temperature controller the variation in the room is very slow. PERFORMANCE MEASURES As the performance measure of system is totally dependent on PID Controller performance. So the PID controller performance can be evaluated by the periodic of the parameter hereafter against some baseline values. The performance improvement actions are taken accordingly on a periodic manner. So the Process Variable Error Overshoot Steady state error Settling time Must be calculated by different values of PID controllers Controller tuning methods provide the controller parameters in the form of formula or algorithms. They ensure that the obtained control system would be stable and would meet. These methods require certain knowledge about the controlled process. This knowledge, which depends on the applied method, usually translates into a transfer function. The objectives which should be achieved by the application of the control system are associated with the   control system features Regulating performance, Tracking performance, Robustness, noise attenuation.

Plot Line Revealed in Act 1 of Shakespeare’s As You Like It :: Shakespeare As You Like It Essays

The opening scene of Shakespeare’s As You Like It, in which there is nothing light – hearted, is completely expository and contrived but fulfilling its function of revealing the plot line to the audience. The fact that Shakespeare uses this kind of dramatic technique in the first scene twice shows that he wants to make the wickedness of Oliver perfectly clear. The action starts when Orlando, the younger brother decides to rebel against the oppression of his older brother, who is treating him like a common pheasant. He tells Oliver: ‘The spirit of my father, which I think is within me, begins to mutiny against this servitude. I will no longer endure it, yet I know no wise remedy how to avoid it.’ Orlando’s complaints are completely justified, as Oliver is mean spirited and malicious in the treatment of Orlando, which the audience can clearly see from this opening scene. Oliver appears cold and distant when he speaks with Orlando: ‘Now, sir, what make you here?’ -And this contrasts greatly with the ‘sisterly bond’ between Rosalind and Celia. Orlando approaches Oliver with defiance and a confrontational attitude, arousing the audiences interest at this quarrel, and establishing his character: assertive, honest and bold, a character that every audience will like and take an interest in. Oliver also shows that he is adept in the wordplay matches the play holds. Orlando and Oliver exchange much verbal sparring in the first scene, including when Orlando seizes his brother by the throat, Oliver exclaims, ‘Wilt thou lay hands on me, villain?’ Orlando picks up the root meaning of these words, that he is a person of ignorable birth and replies, ‘I am no villain: I am the younger son of Sir Rowland de Boys; he was my father, and is thrice a villain that says such a father begot villains.’ Shakespeare uses an artful device to portray information to the audience by using the two quarrelling brothers. In Oliver’s soliloquy we can almost anticipate that he is planning something against Orlando: ‘I hope I shall see an end of him’ The opening scene begins with conflict and tension, which arouses interest in the audience. It also presents us with strong character interactions and strong feelings: jealousy, hatred and wickedness, all of which are appealing for anyone watching the play. The theme of injustice also entices the audience and the fact that Oliver is planning against his younger brother is particularly interesting.